Geography Geography 4 min read

The sharpest minds

Top US cities with the highest IQs revealed! Did your city make the list?

Image: Olav Ahrens Røtne

Intelligence comes in many forms, but when it comes to education, things like graduation rates, quality, and achievement speak loudest. With this in mind, we've put together a list revealing the smartest cities in the United States, starting with Boston (after all, it's not called "The Athens of America" for nothing!) Want to know which cities made the list? Keep reading to find out if your city is on it!

1
Boston, Massachusetts

Image: Aubrey Odom

The vast majority of Boston residents hold college degrees. With research-driven institutions like Harvard and Boston University, the city enables a rich academic environment that promotes learning, innovation, and scientific advancement in different fields. In addition, Boston's public schools and statewide educational standards rank among the best in the country!

2
Seattle, Washington

Image: S Edward

Seattle is definitely considered one of the smartest cities in the US! But why? Well, there are several factors. First, most of its population over age 25 (53.8%) holds a bachelor's degree or higher. And it's no surprise: Seattle is home to the University of Washington, one of the top-ranked universities in the world. In addition, the city is a tech hub, with one in five residents working in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics).

3
Chicago, Illinois

Image: Willian Justen de Vasconcellos

Chicago is a city everyone should experience at least once. Its rich cultural, intellectual, and innovative atmosphere secures its spot on this list. The city has a well-established education scene, with prestigious institutions like the University of Chicago and Northwestern University, and a high percentage of residents holding professional degrees in fields like law, medicine, and business. Plus, its smart use of technology to enhance life quality makes it stand out even more.

4
Atlanta, Georgia

Image: Jessica Furtney

Atlanta, Georgia, is succeeding in today's world thanks to its growing tech job market and fast internet speeds, making it an ideal place for anyone interested in science and technology. The city is also proud of its academic presence, with standout institutions like Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Georgia State University.

5
San Jose, California

Image: Zetong Li

If you're into technology, San Jose, California, might be your ideal city. As the heart of Silicon Valley, San Jose boasts an elevated number of highly educated residents: Over 26% hold a graduate or professional degree. It's also home to tech giants like Apple and Google, making it a hub of innovation and opportunity.

6
Durham-Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Image: Brandon Griggs

The metropolitan area composed of Durham and Chapel Hill in North Carolina is part of the renowned Research Triangle, named for the three major research universities in the region: Duke University, UNC Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University. A significant portion of residents in this region hold graduate degrees, particularly in fields like medicine, science, and technology.

7
Boulder, Colorado

Image: Hongtao Cai

Sustainability, innovation, and education are top priorities in Boulder, Colorado. The city has been recognized for its commitment to the environment, including a bold goal of reaching 100% renewable energy by 2030. On top of that, Boulder was highlighted by Forbes as a major "intellectual center," ranking among the US cities with the highest percentage of residents holding a bachelor's degree or higher.

8
Austin, Texas

Image: Alexander Williams

With over 19% of its residents holding a professional degree, Austin, Texas, has earned its spot on the list. In addition to the prestigious University of Texas fueling its educated population, Austin also has a rapidly growing tech industry. Its young, creative, and highly skilled workforce makes the city stand out even more.

9
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Image: Brad Switzer

Thanks to its high concentration of highly educated residents, Ann Arbor, Michigan, regularly earns a spot on the list of the smartest cities in the United States. Much of that reputation comes from the University of Michigan, a major science, research, and tech hub, and the city's overall high level of educational attainment.

10
Washington, DC

Image: Kyaw Tun

Washington, DC, also ranks as one of the smartest cities in the country thanks to its high concentration of highly educated professionals, policy experts, and researchers. The capital city also boasts one of the highest graduation rates nationwide. From the Smithsonian Museums and the Library of Congress to the Kennedy Center and the National Archives, the city offers endless opportunities to enrich your cultural experience.

General General 4 min read

The secrets of the greenback

Dollar bills are green for this reason

Image: Pepi Stojanovski

The U.S. dollar is one of the most powerful and recognizable currencies in the world, but its physical form is unique for many other reasons . From its composition to its symbols, dollar bills and coins are carefully designed to combine history, security, and convenience. Let’s explore our national currency!

1
What are bills made of?

Image: Viacheslav Bublyk

Unlike other currencies, dollar bills are not made of paper or plastic. U.S. dollar bills are made from a special fabric blend composed of 75% cotton and 25% linen. This mix makes the bills extremely durable and resistant, and they can be folded about 4000 times before tearing.

2
What bills are valid?

Image: U. S. Government, The Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Any U.S. dollar bill that was legally printed is valid, no matter how old, as American currency does not have an expiration date. While some bills might not be accepted by businesses of foreign exchange services due to their condition or if they are a discontinued version of the bill, the bills themselves are still valid, and American banks will accept them, though they might take them out of circulation.

3
American leaders

Image: Lukasz Radziejewski

Five bills have a depiction of an American president. The exceptions are the $10 bill, with Alexander Hamilton on the front, and the $100 bill, with Benjamin Franklin. The $1 bill, depicting George Washington, is extremely symbolic: several elements are repeated 13 times as a nod to the thirteen colonies, and it showcases the Bald Eagle and the Eye of Providence as a sign of God watching over America.

4
A change in size

Did you know that dollar bills used to be so big that they were nicknamed "horse blankets"? Original dollar bills were 7.4 × 3.1 inches. In 1929, the Treasury Department reduced the size of bills to 6.14 × 2.61 inches to reduce production costs and materials. Old bills, though still valid, are worth much more as collector items.

5
Uniformity

Image: Avinash Kumar

Besides their value and design, all dollar bills have the same size (6.14 × 2.61 inches), color, and weight (1 gram) , which sets American currency apart from other countries where bills of different values are differentiated by size, color, or both. Why doesn’t the U.S. implement differences among bills? The cost of adapting vending machines, bank drawers, and ATMs to new bill sizes would cost billions of dollars.

6
Hard to copy

Image: United States Treasury Department, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Originally, dollars were not green, but black. As time passed, green ink was favored, as it was cheap and did not fade as much as black. The new color also prevented people from using black-and-white cameras to create counterfeit money. Currently, dollar bills are predominantly green, but newer versions also include extra colors, such as pink, orange, or purple.

7
A $100,000 bill?

Image: The original uploader was Durova at English Wikipedia., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Have you ever seen a $500 or 1,000 dollar bill? What about a $100,000? Up until 1945, the U.S. Treasury printed $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000, and $100,000 notes , in addition to the values currently in use. These higher-value notes were mainly intended for bank and government use, but were sought by criminals as they made it easier to hide large amounts of money. Even though they were officially discontinued in 1969, these notes are still valid, though rare, and they have a high worth as collector's items.

8
No numbers

Image: Quilia

Unlike bills, American coins have different sizes and colors related to their value. Originally, gold, silver, and copper were used for coins, but modern coins are made of copper, zinc, or nickel. Besides their size and design, the value of each coin is printed in letters, not in numbers , alongside depictions of American presidents.

9
Liberty for all (the coins)

Image: Money Knack

By law, all American coins must include six specific details : the word ‘Liberty’, the name of our country, the national motto "In God We Trust", the oldest American motto "E Pluribus Unum", the value of the coin, and the year. Each coin also includes a mint mark that shows where it was made: "P" for Philadelphia, "D" for Denver, "S" for San Francisco, and "W" for West Point.

10
A global currency

Image: Logan Voss

The American dollar is one of the most powerful currencies in the world, acting as a backbone for international trade and finances. It is estimated that two-thirds of the physical dollars in circulation are outside American territory. Besides the U.S. and its territories, eight sovereign nations have the U.S. dollar as their official currency, with several more accepting it as legal tender.

Geography Geography 5 min read

Stories carved by the Colorado River

The missing pieces of the Grand Canyon: 10 incredible facts

Image: jesus esteban

The Grand Canyon is bigger than Rhode Island. It's deeper than four Empire State Buildings stacked end to end. Its rocks are older than dinosaurs. But those stats alone don’t quite capture its immensity — and are hardly the most shocking. There are nuclear shelters, hidden villages, and billion-year mysteries involved. Read on to learn 10 lesser-known facts about the Grand Canyon.

1
There's an unexplained billion-year gap

Image: John Graybosch

Look closely at the canyon walls, and you'll notice something strange: a clean, sharp line where ancient rock simply stops, and a much younger layer begins directly above it.

This geological puzzle is called the "Great Unconformity," and it represents over a billion years of rock layers that are simply absent , as though that stretch of time never happened. In some spots, rock dated 1.8 billion years old sits directly beneath rock that is only 520 million years old. Where did the missing billion years go?

The leading theory involves the violent breakup of an ancient supercontinent, but scientists are still piecing it together.

2
During the Cold War, it hid a nuclear fallout shelter

Image: Lauri Väin from Tallinn, Estonia, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, the U.S. government converted part of the Grand Canyon Caverns into a fallout shelter. This dry cave system, more than 200 feet underground, was stocked with enough food and water to sustain 2,000 people. Naturally, it was never occupied, and the supplies were never used.

The caverns have since been transformed into a tourist attraction, with organized tours winding through the same underground chambers that were once intended as a refuge from nuclear war. You can even book a night's stay there.

3
The Federal Aviation Administration was founded after a crash over the canyon

Image: Alexandre Henry Alves

In 1956, two commercial passenger planes collided in midair over the eastern Grand Canyon, killing all 128 people on board both crafts. Rescue teams struggled to reach the wreckage deep inside the canyon, and the extreme heat of the crash had caused the planes' aluminum to fuse with the bedrock. There were no survivors.

The disaster exposed a terrifying truth: the U.S. air traffic control system was dangerously outdated, relying on pilots' visual estimates and rough guesswork from controllers , with no way to separate fast-moving aircraft from slow ones, or instrument-flying planes from those navigating by sight. Congress responded by passing legislation that created both the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the National Transportation Safety Board.

4
A hoax suggested that an Egyptian civilization had lived there

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In 1909, the Arizona Gazette reported that an explorer named G. E. Kinkaid had discovered a vast underground citadel inside the canyon, filled with artifacts linked to ancient Egyptian civilization. He even claimed the expedition had been funded by the Smithsonian.

This story described hieroglyphics on the walls, mummies in the chambers, and relics pointing to a direct connection with the Egypt of the pharaohs. It was incredibly detailed, and it was, of course, a hoax. No evidence for any of Kinkaid's claims ever surfaced.

5
Fewer than 100 people have ever hiked its full length

Image: Abhishek Navlakha

Among the few people who have completed the through-hike of the Grand Canyon is Jen Hogan, the first woman to accomplish it, finishing her journey in 2021–2022.

It’s a full 800-mile length below the rim. The route involves extreme heat, flash floods, near-impassable areas, and stretches with no water or trail whatsoever. Around 60 or 70 people have reportedly accomplished it. This makes it one of the most exclusive feats on Earth.

6
The Grand Canyon's rocks predate dinosaurs entirely

Image: MARIOLA GROBELSKA

Visitors scanning the canyon walls for fossils are often surprised to learn they won't find any dinosaur bones here. The rock layers of the Grand Canyon are simply older than dinosaurs. This fact alone can be shocking: staring at its walls means staring at marine fossils from as far back as 1.2 billion years ago. Some of its caves hold the remains of ancient mammals. The canyon is a window into a world that existed long before the dinosaurs, when the land that is now Arizona lay beneath a shallow sea.

7
The park is bigger than Rhode Island

Image: AussieActive

Numbers alone rarely capture the Grand Canyon's scale, so here's a different approach. Rhode Island covers about 1,214 square miles, and the Grand Canyon National Park spans 1,904 square miles.

The canyon's depth exceeds four Empire State Buildings (which is 1,454 feet) stacked on top of one another. That’s 6,093 feet at its deepest point.

8
But it's not the deepest canyon on Earth

Image: Naeemphotographer2

For all its grandeur, the Grand Canyon does not hold the depth record. Pictured above, the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon in Tibet, China, plunges to 17,567 feet, which is nearly three times deeper. Carved by the Yarlung Tsangpo River as it cuts through the eastern Himalayas, that canyon is so remote and extreme that it remained largely uncharted until the late 20th century.

9
It is home to a pink rattlesnake found nowhere else on Earth

Image: Alexander Wong

The Grand Canyon Pink Rattlesnake has a pinkish-red coloring that matches the canyon's own distinctive rock walls so closely that it's nearly invisible. It is found nowhere else in the world. Officially classified as Crotalus oreganus abyssus , it has darker diamond-shaped markings along its back that deepen the camouflage further.

10
There's a village at the bottom: Supai Village

Image: joojoob27

For over 1,000 years, the remote village of Supai has been home to the Havasupai Tribe, the People of the Blue-Green Waters. It is located an eight-mile hike from the rim, but sits roughly 3,000 feet deep inside the Grand Canyon.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture has called it the most remote community in the contiguous United States, and it has no automobiles and no road access. The only ways in are on foot, by mule, or by helicopter. It is also the only place in the United States where the postal service still delivers mail by mule train.

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