1

George Washington had wooden teeth

Image: Todd Trapani

Washington suffered from dental problems throughout his adult life and did wear several sets of false teeth. However, he did not wear wooden ones.

They were made from materials like ivory, metal, and springs . The "wood" myth probably comes from the staining of ivory and from 19th-century caricatures.

2

Salem witches were burned at the stake

Image: Sofia Holmberg

We hold the long-standing belief that the accused Salem "witches" were burned like European witch victims.

However, in the Salem (and colonial New England) trials of 1692–1693, convicted witches were almost always executed by hanging ; burning at the stake was not the legal penalty under English law in the colonies.

3

Paul Revere rode and shouted, "The British are coming!" alone

Image: Mikhaël Noury

He may be riding alone in the Boston statue that represents the dramatic midnight ride in which he warned of the British troop movements.

But in reality, Revere was one of several riders who spread word of the British troop movements; Longfellow’s 1860 poem amplified and simplified the story, including the shouted line, which would have been unlikely among colonists.

4

Betsy Ross designed the first American flag

Image: Heather Newsom

We have heard again and again the myth that Betsy Ross stitched the first Stars and Stripes after being asked by George Washington. In reality, this tale grew from a family tradition promoted more than a century after 1776. Historians have found no contemporary documentation proving that she designed the first official flag.

The flag’s creation was likely more complex and collective. Ross has always remained a folk symbol, but there is no proof that she was the sole designer.

5

Mrs. O’Leary’s cow started the Great Chicago Fire

Image: raquel raq

The myth: a cow kicked over a lantern in Catherine O’Leary’s barn and caused the 1871 conflagration. The cow story originated in sensational newspaper reporting and later became part of folklore.

Investigations have never produced conclusive proof, and modern historians treat the O’Leary–cow tale as an unfair scapegoating and probably apocryphal. The fire’s precise origin remains a mystery.

6

"Molly Pitcher" was a famous woman who operated a cannon at Monmouth

Image: Foysal Razu

The story of Molly Pitcher, a single heroic woman who supposedly took over a cannon when her husband fell, may have been created to represent several women . The best documented candidate is Mary Ludwig Hays, but the legend also reflects the broader contributions of women who supported troops during the Revolutionary War, with or without having been widowed.

7

Davy Crockett died fighting to the last at the Alamo

Image: Eric Francis

Did Crockett heroically fight to the death amid hand-to-hand combat at the Alamo? Well, that was indeed the location of his death, but sources conflict about the manner.

Some eyewitness accounts and Mexican records suggest he may have been captured and executed; other accounts describe him dying in combat. The neat heroic portrait was shaped by 19th-century myth-making.

8

The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776

Image: The New York Public Library

It is widely believed that all signers of the Declaration of Independence scribbled their names on it on July 4, which is why we celebrate that date.

Congress adopted the Declaration on July 4, but most delegates did not sign the parchment copy until August 2 of that year (and a few added their names even later). July 4 became the commemorative date for adoption and celebration, not the universal signing day.

9

The Pilgrims’ "First Thanksgiving" centered on a big roast turkey, like today

Image: Tyler Donaghy

No, the 1621 harvest meal at Plymouth did not feature the same turkey-centered feast we picture now.

Accounts mention venison and wildfowl, but the menu and ritual context were very different from modern Thanksgiving dinners. The idea of an annualized, turkey-centered national holiday developed much later (19th century onward).

10

Thomas Edison single-handedly invented the light bulb

Image: Tamas Pap

Many believe that Edison alone invented the incandescent light bulb out of whole cloth. But electric light was the product of decades of work by many inventors (from Humphry Davy to Swan and others).

Edison’s contribution was significant improvements and the critical development of a commercially viable, manufacturable system, but he did not "invent" electric light in isolation.

11

Pocahontas dramatically saved John Smith from execution

Image: EricThriller

The myth holds that Pocahontas heroically rescued Captain John Smith by throwing herself over him at the moment of execution.

Disney may have amplified the romantic and dramatic aspects of this story. John Smith’s account of a dramatic rescue appears in later writings and is debated by historians. Many scholars now interpret the scene as a ritual adoption or a ceremonial act rather than a literal rescue, or they suspect Smith embellished the story.

1

Texas barbecue

Image: Andrik Langfield

Texas barbecue is heavily influenced by central European traditions . German and Czech immigrants settled in the state in the mid-nineteenth century introducing new ingredients. That is the main reason we find pork products like sausages in Texas-style barbecue, in addition to the classic beef brisket. In order to preserve fresh meat longer, they used to smoke it and cook it for a very long time. Over the years, this traditional barbecued meat, which originated in central Texas, spread throughout the state, so today we can enjoy not one but four different styles !

Central Texas BBQ is generally very straightforward, the meat is smoked over pecan, mesquite, or oak wood with just a salt and pepper dry rub. South Texas BBQ has Mexican influences and uses a molasses-based sweet sauce. East Texas BBQ is marinated in a sweet tomato-based sauce and slowly cooked via indirect heat. Finally, West Texas BBQ is prepared over an open flame using mesquite wood.

2

Memphis barbecue

Image: Philipp Kämmerer

No doubt about it, Memphis is one of the BBQ capitals of America . Unlike barbecue styles in other states, in Memphis, the meat is cooked using charcoal instead of hardwood logs. Pork ribs and pork shoulder are the signature cuts prepared with a tangy and sweet sauce based on molasses and tomato. Classic sides for the Memphis barbecue are sweet baked beans and slaw.

Barbecue originated in Memphis at the beginning of the 20th century , when African Americans began to populate the state. Often found in lunchtime pork sandwiches and late-night treats in nightclubs, Memphis BBQ style soon became a staple in the area. Many entrepreneurs opened new restaurants during this time, including John H. Mills, considered Memphis’s First Barbecue King. Rumor has it that even the great Bing Crosby was a regular at Mills’s place whenever he was in town.

3

Kansas City barbecue

Image: fstop314.com

According to the Visit KC website, "Barbecue in Kansas City is more than a menu item or a method of preparation. It’s an institution." The fact is that Kansas barbecue has a long history and is central to the city's culinary culture . Not for nothing is it called the "BBQ Capital of the World". With more than 100 restaurants, there’s even a Kansas City Barbeque Society in charge of promoting this style of cooking around the world.

Kansas City’s love for barbecue started in the early 1900s when a man called Henry Perry began selling slices of hickory smoked meat wrapped in newspaper. Soon after, others followed and started developing their own barbecue recipes. Nowadays, the Kansas City barbecue style involves grilling or smoking different kinds of meat seasoned with a dry rub, then finished with a tomato-based barbeque sauce. Sides include bread, pickles, baked beans, and slaw.

4

North Carolina barbecue

Image: Peter Bravo de los Rios

Whether at a backyard grill, or a traditional wood fire pit at a local restaurant, North Carolina has a proud barbecue tradition. This particular method of smoking and cooking meat has its roots in the emergence of hog cultivation . In the 1500s, Spanish settlers brought pigs to the region and natives on Roanoke Island contributed with their wood-fired slow-cooking method. Over the years, barbecue in North Carolina became a special feature in every celebration and special occasion.

Although recipes may vary between different regions in the state, pork is always the main ingredient . While in the East people cook the whole hog, western Carolinians prioritize the pork shoulder. The sauce is a matter of controversy too. The Eastern tradition calls for a thin vinegar and pepper sauce, whereas Western recipes add tomato or ketchup. Geographical customs aside, if you happen to visit North Carolina, order a local barbecue in one of the many great restaurants and you won’t be disappointed!

5

South Carolina barbecue

Image: @felipepelaquim

Some argue that South Carolina is "The Birthplace of Barbecue" . We won’t be able to settle this debate here and now, but what is certain is that the Palmetto State's barbecue tradition goes back at least five centuries. As with North Carolina, South Carolina barbecue also has its origins in the cultural exchange between Spanish settlers and American Indians . Europeans brought and raised pigs on the islands off the Atlantic coast and the natives knew exactly how to cook them.

The South Carolina barbecue style means cooking and smoking meat —preferably pork— low and slow over hardwood coals. Sometimes pulled from a whole hog, sometimes chopped from a shoulder or ham, South Carolina barbecue comes with a signature sauce depending on the region . You can find a blend of vinegar, salt, and some red pepper to spice things up or a yellow sauce made of cider vinegar, brown sugar or honey, and mustard. No matter which one you get, be prepared for an exceptionally tender and flavorful dish!

6

St. Louis barbecue

Image: Rachel Bramlett

Did you know St. Louis is said to consume more BBQ sauce per person than anywhere else in the country? St. Louisans are big on spare ribs, which may have been introduced in the local culinary tradition more than a century ago. As the legend goes, a steamboat cook named Henry Perry used to slow smoke discarded slabs of ribs from the Kansas City stockyards using locally harvested hardwood trees.

Nowadays, the St. Louis barbecue style includes a variety of seasonings and cooking methods . From grilling to slow smoking, ribs, pulled pork, burnt ends, and pork steaks are smeared with a sauce made from ingredients such as salt, vinegar, black pepper, brown sugar, tomato, and even apricots. Unlike other types of barbecue, St Louis style does not require a dry rub and it cooks a lot faster. White bread is the side of choice, especially if you want to make the most out of all that BBQ sauce!

7

Hawaiian barbecue

Image: Tirza van Dijk

Yes, they have barbecues in Hawaii. Although you won’t get the traditional ribs, pulled pork, and brisket, the Aloha State is home to a delicious kind of barbecue. Influenced by its many immigration waves —primarily from China, Korea, Japan, Portugal, and the Philippines—, it has labor origins dating back to the late 19th century . While modern Hawaiian barbecue includes various cooking techniques, such as roasting, smoking, and grilling, the traditional way requires an imu , an underground oven lined with hot rocks, and banana and ti leaves.

Barbecues from the Paradise of the Pacific are often sweet, tangy, and tropical . You can find chicken, beef, pork, and even seafood. Marinades and sauces incorporate Asian flavors and ingredients like soy sauce, garlic, ginger, and brown sugar. Side dishes range from sticky rice to macaroni salad, complementing and balancing the bold flavors of the meats.

8

Alabama barbecue

Image: Rachel Bramlett

In the South, barbecue is synonymous with any meat that's cooked over the fire. Although pork is often the protein of choice, some restaurants in Alabama also feature brisket, chicken, and beef ribs. Barbecue became popular in Alabama during the early 19th century when difficult economic times required a clever way for the working class to bring flavor and tenderness to cheap cuts of meat.

Sauces involved in the Alabama barbecue style are as diverse as they come . Influenced by the neighboring states of the so-called "barbecue belt", you can find variations of tomato-based sauces, spicy marinades, mustard dressings, and even a white sauce made with mayonnaise, lemon juice, apple cider vinegar, salt, and black pepper. Across Alabama, these mouth-watering smoked meats are often served on hamburger buns filled with dill pickles and topped with coleslaw.

9

Kentucky barbecue

Image: Luis Santoyo

Barbecues in Kentucky have been popular for a long time. In the Bluegrass State pork shoulders are a popular cut cooked on concrete block masonry pits for at least half a day. However, Kentucky is most famous for smoking mutton over hickory coals . Kentuckians also barbecue other meats like chicken, pork tenderloins, cured hams, and turkey breasts for sandwiches.

Kentucky is home to a diverse array of barbecue sauces with almost every county having its own take. For example, Hickman County uses mostly vinegar and cayenne pepper, while McCracken County sauces taste strongly of vinegar and chili powder. Others prefer an allspice Worcestershire-based dip. The signature sides for Kentucky barbecue are toast, vinegar slaw, and pickled eggs.

10

Florida barbecue

Image: Dim Hou

Florida may be best known for its fresh seafood but the Sunshine State also has its own barbecue style . And a soft spot for pork too! A testament to the important place pig meat has in Floridian cuisine is the Cuban twist on the classic BBQ sandwich found at many local joints.

What sets Florida barbecue apart from others is its Caribbean and Latin American influences. Florida BBQ often blends techniques of the Southern United States style barbecues —like the use of sweet tomato sauce or mustard sauce— with Caribbean flavors such as vinegar, fruits, peppers, and spices. It may not be the most traditional barbecue in the country but it is certainly worth a try!

1

Music

Image: Jamakassi

Back in the day, the gift of music used to mean something. It was a connection between the person who made the gift and the one who received it . It was a beautiful object, to be played on a music player and stored at home. Nowadays, music is something much more abstract that is streamed from online services and is not given as a gift of discovery anymore.

2

Movies

Image: Delaney Van

Movies have experienced a fate similar to the one suffered by music. Thanks to streaming services like Netflix, Amazon Prime, and the rest, movies are available to watch online, and no one owns a VHS, DVD, or Blu-Ray player anymore . It used to be a fun thing to give as a gift. "You are going to love this movie". Not anymore. Nowadays, we just recommend things from HBO or Disney to each other.

3

Preserves

Image: Rob Wicks

Since the dawn of time, preparing a meal with care and dedication for somebody else has always been a way to show affection. Until not so long ago, gifting preserves used to be a common practice and a way to express love from a distance . Nowadays, if you want strawberry jam, you can just go to the store.

4

Knitted clothes

Image: Liana S

The many hours invested in knitting a clothing item are an integral part of the gift that the person who created it is giving . The warm embrace of a knitted sweater, scarf, socks, or any other item created similarly cannot be replaced by store-bought clothes.

5

Fresh flowers

Image: Annie Spratt

Giving someone a fresh bouquet, especially harvested from one’s own garden, used to be a thing in the past, at least for people who had gardens. It was meant as a kind gesture that said "I thought about you when I picked these flowers" and embellished the home of the one who received it.

6

Homemade cooking

Image: Priscilla Du Preez 🇨🇦

A delicious homemade pie or a nice dessert used to be a common thing for house guests to bring to their hosts. While it still happens from time to time, it used to be much more common. These days, the usual drill involves stopping by the deli to get a packaged item, at best.

7

House plants

Image: Lasma Balode

Plants can really upgrade a room, and people used to know this, at least to a larger extent than today. Bringing a small house plant to a new home is a great gift , and it used to be a much more common practice than it is these days.

8

Framed artwork

Image: Jonny Caspari

Paintings have the reputation of being expensive things. And in some cases, they are. But beautiful artwork by unknown artists can be found for low and reasonable prices everywhere . People used to know this and bought paintings to decorate their walls and, taking into consideration the personal taste of the receiver, to give as gifts.

9

Maps

Image: Hutomo Abrianto

In the age of smartphones, paper maps have become somewhat irrelevant and cumbersome. But they make for beautiful objects and can be framed into beautiful works of art . Gifting maps depicting places that are relevant to the gift receiver is a habit that should come back.

10

Greeting cards

Image: Annie Spratt

Be it of the Hallmark kind or any other, greeting cards used to be given for many different occasions throughout the year. Since the Internet came around with emails, social media, and WhatsApp messages, these cards have all but faded into oblivion.

Even if you only kept them for a couple of months before throwing them away, it was fun to receive those cards as a reminder of the fact that someone cared about you enough to buy, write, and mail the card.

11

Handwritten postcards

Image: Ireland Rogers

Somewhat similar to greeting cards but not quite the same are postcards. These lovely reminders of a friend or a relative’s trip brought the comfort of knowing that whoever wrote the postcard was thinking about you .

Again, the internet has rendered postcards obsolete, but that does not mean that, even to this day, receiving one would be a very nice gesture.

12

Framed pictures

Image: Natalia Rüdisüli

Giving someone a framed picture of a significant moment can be a great gift, and it used to be much more common. Just like in the case of the framed artwork, it is important to understand the personal taste of the person who is receiving this gift . But if this is understood and taken into account, there is no reason why this shouldn’t come back as a great gift idea.