1

From trail to theater capital

Image: Christian Lendl

Before Broadway was packed with theaters, it was a Native American trail cutting across Manhattan. The Dutch later called it "the Gentlemen’s Street," and eventually the name "Broadway" stuck because of its unusual width. Did you know that?

2

Theater superstitions

Image: Gwen King

Broadway has its own share of taboos. For example, whistling backstage was once a no-no, since stagehands used whistles as signals. Saying the word "Macbeth" inside a theater is also believed to bring bad luck , so actors usually call it "the Scottish Play." Even in modern times, performers still keep these superstitions alive—just in case.

3

Why it’s called the Great White Way

Image: Martin Sanchez

All those glowing signs around Times Square gave Broadway its sparkling nickname. Starting in the early 1900s, electric lights lit up the blocks between 41st and 53rd Streets, dazzling visitors and creating the famous "Great White Way." Today, it’s still one of the brightest spots in New York City.

4

The first Broadway musical

Image: Kyle Head

In 1866, a play called The Black Crook made history. After a fire destroyed another theater, producers combined a ballet and a melodrama , creating a six-hour spectacle of music, dancing, and over-the-top staging. It became a runaway success and is often called the very first Broadway musical.

5

What counts as "on Broadway"

Image: Andreas M

People often think "on Broadway" just means any theater on that street, but it’s actually trickier than that . A show is considered Broadway if the theater has 500 or more seats and meets certain contract rules. Only a handful of actual Broadway theaters are physically on Broadway itself, which can be confusing for first-time visitors.

6

Phantom holds the record

Image: Rodrigo dos Santos

Andrew Lloyd Webber’s The Phantom of the Opera holds the crown as Broadway’s longest-running show. With more than 13,000 performances , it kept audiences hooked for decades. Some orchestra members even played the same music eight times a week for years, perfecting their own unique coping routines. Can you imagine doing that?

7

Cats and its mountain of yak hair

Image: Roman Suslov

During its long run, Cats became famous for something other than the catchy songs. The costume crew went through over 3,200 pounds of yak hair for wigs alone . It certainly paid off, as the play also became one of the biggest shows in Broadway’s history. Talk about commitment to authenticity.

8

The Lion King roars the loudest at the box office

Image: Iván Díaz

Since its 1997 debut, The Lion King has been Broadway’s biggest earner , pulling in over a billion dollars in ticket sales. With its breathtaking puppetry and Elton John’s music, it managed to win over both theatergoers and families who grew up with the movie.

9

Carrie, the musical failure

Image: Samuel Regan-Asante

Even if we’ve mentioned the greatest on Broadway, we must say not every show becomes a hit . In 1988, Broadway tried to turn Stephen King’s horror novel Carrie into a musical. Let’s just say it didn’t land, and if you’ve read the book, you can imagine why. Critics compared it to disasters of epic scale, and it closed after only five performances. One thing is for sure: Even the flops are big on Broadway.

10

Chicago’s real inspirations

Image: Sawyer Bengtson

The hit musical Chicago may feel like pure entertainment, but its leading ladies were inspired by real 1920s women accused of murder. Beulah Annan and Belva Gaertner were both acquitted after trials that captured the public’s imagination. Their stories of crime, fame, and scandal became the backbone of the show.

11

Why theaters skip row I

Image: Vlah Dumitru

Maybe you’ve never noticed, but many theaters go from row H to J, and that’s not because of superstition. The reason is that the letter I looks too much like the number 1 , which can make ticketing confusing in dimly lit theaters. Some places also skip O or Q for similar reasons. It’s all about keeping the seating simple for audiences. Do you agree with this policy?

1

Seattle Underground City

Did you know the remnants of Seattle's original streets are still accessible? Beneath the bustling streets of modern-day Seattle lies the Underground City , a network of subterranean passageways that formed the ground level in the 1800s.

By the end of the 19th century, after the Great Seattle Fire, it was decided to rebuild the city at a higher elevation to combat frequent flooding . So, these original streets, sidewalks, and storefronts were buried, and with it, much of their history.

Guided tours take people through tunnels and ladders and retell real and eerie stories about the history of the Underground City.

2

Luray Caverns

Image: Robert Thiemann

Have you ever heard of the underground Stalacpipe Organ ? Not only is it a one-of-a-kind interaction between keyboards and cavern stalactites, but it is also the largest musical instrument in the world, according to Guinness World Records.

This instrument lives in the Luray Caverns, Virginia. It consists of an electric console that taps on these ancient stalactites of varying sizes to produce musical tones. A subterranean wonder, these caverns are also known for their extraordinary size , housing towering stalactites and stalagmites, mirrored pools, and delicate drapery-like calcite formations.

3

The Underground Gardens of Baldassare Forestiere

Image: Adrian Botica

This stunning subterranean retreat was built entirely by hand. Tucked under the sun-scorched landscape of Fresno, California, lie the Underground Gardens of Baldassare Forestiere . They are the life’s work of Baldassare Forestiere, a Sicilian immigrant who started digging in the early 1900s to escape the Central Valley's oppressive heat.

Over 40 years, drawing inspiration from ancient Roman catacombs , Forestiere carved an elaborate network of underground rooms, passageways, grottoes, and courtyards that span 10 acres.

A unique masterpiece, the gardens are open with guided tours that lead guests through beautifully designed spaces featuring skylights, arches, and alcoves. This oasis also boasts an array of fruit trees, including citrus, figs, and olives.

4

Ruby Falls

Image: Goodfreephotos_com

Colorful and breathtaking, the Ruby Falls is a geological wonder located inside Lookout Mountain near Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Hidden over 1,000 feet below the mountain's surface, this waterfall cascades 145 feet into a pool , making it one of the tallest underground waterfalls open to the public.

Visitors enter the mountain and descend via elevator. Then, they walk through stunning cave formations such as stalactites, stalagmites, and flowstone. At the waterfall chamber, multicolored lights –powered by renewable energy– illuminate the falls. Lantern-lit tours are also offered as a chance to visit the marvel with a different charm.

5

The Catacombs of Green-Wood Cemetery

Image: Joy Ernst

Arched tunnels of tranquil, sacred vaults lie beneath the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. Built in the mid-19th century, these catacombs were designed as a prestigious resting place for the city’s elite , prominent families.

While the catacombs are typically closed to the public, special events are sometimes organized to welcome visitors, such as art expositions, guided history tours, and candlelit tours seasoned with live music and storytelling.

Outside, where the sun does reach, await the serene landscapes and remarkable monuments of the cemetery, which is itself a National Historic Landmark .

6

The Lost Sea

Image: Roberto Nickson

The largest underground lake in America is in Tennessee. Hidden within the Craighead Caverns in Sweetwater, this enormous body of water lies in a cave system filled with fascinating formations, such as stalactites, stalagmites, and rare anthodites, also known as "cave flowers."

A National Natural Landmark, this lake marvels scientists, who are yet unaware of the exact extension of its waters. Those who visit can embark on a boat ride called "The Lost Sea Adventure," first walking inside the cavern before reaching a boat to navigate these ethereal sights.

7

Mammoth Cave National Park

Image: Sherin Jacob

The Mammoth Cave National Park is home to the longest cave system in the world . Located in central Kentucky, it extends over 420 miles of explored passages and many more likely undiscovered. Enormous chambers, underground rivers, a labyrinth of tunnels, and gypsum crystal formations can all be found at this site.

The park has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an International Biosphere Reserve. It also includes over 52,000 acres of protected land on the surface, renowned for its lush forests and diverse wildlife.

8

Carlsbad Caverns National Park

Image: Cason Asher

A large bat colony lives in the Carlsbad Caverns National Park in New Mexico, but that’s not its only charm. The park boasts over 100 caves, with its centerpiece being the immense Carlsbad Cavern.

The cavern includes the Big Room, one of the largest underground chambers in North America, spanning 8.2 acres. Visitors can descend via an emblematic natural entrance or by elevator, dropping 750 feet underground. Stalactite formations like the Giant Dome, the Hall of the White Giant, and the Chandelier are some of the caves' breathtaking highlights.

9

Indian Echo Caverns

Image: Magda Ehlers

The Indian Echo Caverns, which have been open to the public since the early 1920s, are carved into the limestone of the Appalachian Mountains. Located near Hummelstown, Pennsylvania, this site gets its name from the echoes heard within the cavern’s chambers , which were once believed to be mystical by Native American people in the area.

Unique, immersive sections of the caverns have names like the "Crystal Palace," the "Echo Room," and the "Wedding Room," where, yes, real weddings are sometimes held!

10

Wind Cave National Park

Image: Francesco Ungaro

Wind Cave National Park, located in the Black Hills of South Dakota, is one of the world’s largest caves, but that’s not what it’s most famous for. One signature sight here is the boxwork formation , a rare lattice-like pattern formed by calcite deposits.

The cave system stretches for over 140 miles, though much of it remains unexplored. Popular tours take guests through captivating features like the "Ribbon Room" and the "Crystal Palace."

Why is Wind Cave called that? Mainly due to the "wind" phenomenon that occurs at its entrance. The cave's air pressure causes the entrance to draw in or expel air, depending on atmospheric conditions.

1

New York

Image: Clker-Free-Vector-Images

New York was one of the 13 original colonies and is one of the most populated states today. Its flag, with a vibrant blue in the background, features a sun symbol, one supporter on each side, and the state’s inspiring motto "Excelsior," meaning "ever upward."

The scene in the coat of arms paints a picture of the Hudson River flanked by Liberty on the left, and Justice on the right. Topping it all off is a bald eagle, always majestic, perched atop the world. Powerful, isn’t it?

2

California

Image: Clker-Free-Vector-Images

California was the 31st state to be admitted to the Union (1850) and the history behind its flag has elements present in previous models of banners used by what we know today as Mexico.

This flag was first hoisted in 1846 after American settlers in the territory fought for its independence. Finally, it was recognized as official in 1911.

The flag depicts a grizzly bear —also the official state animal— and a lone red star symbolizing previous attempts to gain independence.

3

Indiana

Image: Clker-Free-Vector-Images

Indiana’s flag was designed by Paul Hadley and approved as the state flag in 1917 after the Daughters of the American Revolution held a flag design contest.

Over the dark blue flag stands a golden torch surrounded by 19 stars . The 13 stars on the outer circle represent the 13 original colonies, while the five stars in the inner circle were added to symbolize the next five states that joined the union, Indiana being the 19th.

The torch? You guessed it right, it represents liberty and enlightenment.

4

Louisiana

Image: Clker-Free-Vector-Images

Blue background abounds among the official state flags and it’s no surprise since it’s one of the national colors. Louisiana’s flag is not the exception.

This flag is the only one to depict a pelican nurturing its offspring in a nest. What is curious about it is that the pelican, an animal that symbolizes devotion to progeny, is crying tears of blood, which represents sacrifice. Underneath, belted in a white ribbon, the state’s motto: "Union, Justice, and Confidence".

5

New Jersey

Image: Clker-Free-Vector-Images

New Jersey’s flag is the only state flag to have a buff background , although it is wrongly depicted as yellow most times. This background color represents the uniform worn by soldiers from New Jersey’s regiments in the Revolutionary War.

In the center of the flag, there is a coat of arms supported by Liberty and the goddess Ceres, representing agriculture. Above the coat of arms, a horse’s head that stands for strength, and, below it, a helmet that symbolizes sovereignty.

6

Arkansas

Image: Clker-Free-Vector-Images

Arkansas’s flag depicts a complex symbolism using well-known elements: a diamond shape, with 25 stars on the outer part, the state’s name in the middle, one star above, and three stars below.

Arkansas was the 25th state to join the union, hence the stars around the diamond. The star over the word "Arkansas" represents the Confederacy to which it was admitted in 1861. The three stars below represent different things: the nations Arkansas belonged to, the Louisiana Purchase, and the fact that it was the third state formed after such purchase. A simple design, yet a complex meaning, don’t you think?

7

Colorado

Image: Clker-Free-Vector-Images

Colorado’s flag is quite simple in its design, although it represents many state elements . For example, the name, a Spanish word that means "red", is symbolized by the red C in the middle. But that’s not all, the letter C also means "columbine" the state flower, represented by the colors blue, yellow, and white. These two last colors also stand for the gold and silver present in the area.

Last, but not least, the letter C stands for "Centennial State" as Colorado became a state in 1876, when the nation was celebrating a century of its independence.

8

Washington

Image: Clker-Free-Vector-Images

Washington is the only state to have a flag with a green background. At the same time, it is the only one to depict a real person . George Washington’s picture is surrounded by a golden ring that reads "The Seal of the State of Washington 1889," the year in which the territory became a state.

The background color refers to the "Evergreen State" while the golden ring represents the wheat areas of the Eastern part of the state.

9

Wyoming

Image: Clker-Free-Vector-Images

This flag was also chosen during a flag design competition held in 1916. It consists of a dark blue background bordered by white and red and, in the center, the silhouette of a bison with the state seal that reads "Great Seal of the State of Wyoming."

Within the seal, the state motto "Equal rights," since Wyoming was the first state to grant women the right to vote. Below the ribbon, a farmer and a cowboy, the main occupations in the state, and two pillars that read "Livestock, mines, grain, oil." And that’s not all, at the bottom, a bald eagle and a star with the number 44, the order of admission to the union.

10

New Mexico

Image: Clker-Free-Vector-Images

Let’s finish this list with what may be the simplest flag of all the 50 states: New Mexico’s. With colors that symbolize the Spanish ruling over the territory, this state flag was adopted in 1925 and it consists of a yellow background with the Zia sun in the center.

The Zia sun is an ancient interpretation of the sun and its design consists of four rays, a sacred number of the Zia. Beautiful, isn’t it?