Geography Geography 4 min read

Famous mottos

What does "Dum Spiro Spero" truly mean? The story behind iconic mottos!

Image: Roszred

State mottos reflect the identity and values of each US state, often appearing on flags, monuments, and even license plates. But with 50 states, remembering all of them can be a challenge! Think you can do it? Put your patriotism to the test and see if you can match these 6 mottos to their respective states . Let’s play!

1
"Sic Semper Tyrannis"

Image: Scott Pruett

You’ve probably come across this motto many times—it belongs to one of the most historically significant states in our country. In fact, this state is sometimes called the "Mother of States"!

Eight U.S. presidents were born here, including none other than George Washington himself. Can you guess which state we’re talking about?

2
"Excelsior"

Image: Matheus Cenali

Many iconic landmarks make this state one of the most famous—Times Square, Broadway, and Wall Street, to name a few. It’s also known for its apple and maple syrup production.

When it comes to history, this state played a fundamental role. The Federalist Papers , which helped shape the Constitution, were written here! We bet you know which state we’re talking about—don’t you?

3
"Live Free or Die"

Image: Brian Wangenheim

Home to Mount Washington, this state is renowned for its stunning landscapes. Its impressive quarries and granite formations earned it the nickname "The Granite State."

This state played a key role in the American Revolution , serving as an early center of resistance against British rule. It later became the ninth state to ratify the US Constitution. So, what's your guess?

4
"Dum Spiro Spero"

Image: Dylan Mullins

This state is home to historic Fort Sumter, where the American Civil War officially began . It’s also the birthplace of Andrew Jackson, the seventh US president—though some historical debate remains.

On the other hand, this US state is known as "The Palmetto State" for its beautiful palmetto trees, which are also featured on its flag. Think you've got it?

5
"Friendship"

Image: Lori Stevens

Known as "The Lone Star State," this state was once an independent republic before joining the US. It’s home to the Alamo , the historic site of a pivotal battle in its revolution.

In addition to Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and Lyndon B. Johnson, famous figures like Beyoncé and Farrah Fawcett were also born here!

6
"Eureka"

Image: Jake Blucker

This is the splendid motto of a state famous for its wine and citrus fruit production. It's also considered a tech hub for being home to the iconic Silicon Valley, a global center for tech innovation.

Known as "The Golden State," it boasts famous landmarks like the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Hollywood Sign. Got the answer?

7
"Sic Semper Tyrannis": Virginia

Image: Richard Hedrick

You got it right! Sic Semper Tyrannis is Virginia’s state motto, meaning "Thus always to tyrants" in Latin. Chosen in 1776, this phrase symbolizes Virginia’s historic stand against tyranny, reflecting its key role in the Revolutionary War.

8
"Excelsior": New York

Image: Luke Stackpoole

If you guessed New York, congratulations! Excelsior , meaning "Ever Upward" or "Higher," has been the state’s motto since 1778 . True to its meaning, New York chose this motto to symbolize its relentless ambition and drive for progress. Did you know that?

9
"Live Free or Die": New Hampshire

Image: The New York Public Library

New Hampshire adopted "Live Free or Die" as its official state motto in 1945. The phrase was coined by General John Stark , a hero of the American Revolutionary War . In 1809, Stark was invited to an anniversary reunion of the Battle of Bennington, where he had fought and led New Hampshire militiamen. Unable to attend due to poor health, he sent a letter with his toast: "Live free or die: Death is not the worst of evils."

10
"Dum Spiro Spero": South Carolina

Image: Leo Heisenberg

Dum Spiro Spero is South Carolina’s official state motto! Officially adopted in 1776, this Latin phrase means "While I Breathe, I Hope." Pretty inspiring, isn’t it? But that’s not all—South Carolina actually has 2 mottos ! The other, also adopted in 1776 and engraved on the original Great Seal, is Animis Opibusque Parati ("Prepared in Mind and Resources").

11
"Friendship": Texas

Image: Avi Werde

Texas chose a powerful word as its state motto! "Friendship" has symbolized Texas since 1836, when it declared independence from Mexico and became a republic. The motto remained even after Texas joined the US in 1845 .

Representing the state’s unity and diplomatic intentions, the word was officially adopted as the state motto in 1930 .

12
"Eureka": California

Image: Maarten van den Heuvel

You were right! Eureka is California’s state motto, meaning "I have found it" in Greek. But why this phrase? Well, California's state motto takes inspiration from the Gold Rush that kicked off in 1848, after the precious metal was discovered in the state's lands.

History History 5 min read

FURRY RESIDENTS

Remember These 10 Famous Presidential Pets?

Over the years, the White House has seen many different residents. And among the most peculiar are the presidential pets that have roamed those halls and gardens throughout history. While our presidents have had different exotic animals -such as alligators and bear cubs- it's the more traditional pets that won the hearts of the whole country.

You've probably heard of the famous Fala, Socks, and Checkers, right? These beloved animals are just a few of the 10 most famous presidential pets . Let's take a look at their stories!

1
Fala Roosevelt

Image: Nathália Arantes

A star in his time, the charming dog we knew as Fala was a great companion to Franklin D. Roosevelt during his time in the White House .

The dark-coated Scottish Terrier arrived in 1940 as a gift for Roosevelt and reached his peak of fame thanks to the President's remembered "Fala Speech" from 1944 , in which he jokingly mentioned the dog.

While we all knew him by his nickname, it is said that the pet's full name was actually "Murray the Outlaw of Falahill," in homage to a Scottish ancestor of Roosevelt.

2
Bo and Sunny Obama

Image: Zé Maria

Bo and Sunny , the Obamas' two Portuguese Water Dogs, became famous across the country and even internationally.

Bo came to the White House as a gift from JFK's younger brother , Senator Ted Kennedy, in 2009 . His peculiar name was a decision by Barak's daughters, Malia and Sasha Obama, in honor of Michelle Obama's father. His presence in the media was frequent, and he even had his own web page for fans to dedicate gifts or words of affection to him. Sunny, meanwhile, came into the family 4 years later, in 2013, and became Bo's faithful companion.

And here's a fun fact : The Portuguese Water Dog breed was chosen by the Obama family because its coat is hypoallergenic , which helped prevent the allergies of their eldest daughter, Malia, from being triggered.

3
Socks Clinton

Image: jbc

Choosing a name for your pet is no easy task. But this was not the case for Bill Clinton and his family.

Socks , adopted from a shelter in Little Rock, Arkansas, was easily recognizable by his peculiar appearance. With black fur and white paws , it was almost as if this cat's name was printed on him.

When Clinton came to the White House in 1993 , Socks quickly became a star and even appeared in merchandise and toys with his face on them.

4
Buddy Clinton

Image: Siep van Groningen

But it wasn't all rosy for Socks Clinton.

When Buddy , a beautiful chocolate Labrador Retriever, arrived in the family in December 1997 , Socks didn't receive him in the best way. Let's just say they got along like "cats and dogs." Fortunately, it is said that after a while, they got to know each other and got along much better.

Like his cat brother, Buddy also garnered media attention and became quite famous. As a celebrity, people would often ask for photos with him!

5
Checkers Nixon

Image: Matteo Vistocco

If we discuss true dog celebrities, we can't overlook Checkers , Richard Nixon's iconic Cocker Spaniel.

Joining the family in 1952 , Checkers didn't become a "presidential pet" or reside in the White House. However, his name didn't go unnoticed during Nixon's campaign as the Republican candidate for vice president.

You probably remember the iconic "Checkers Speech" of 1952 , in which Nixon mentioned Checkers in a move that mimicked Roosevelt's "Fala Speech" and ultimately contributed to Nixon's election as Vice President.

6
Liberty Ford

Image: David Moynihan

Liberty , with her playful and friendly personality, was the first Golden Retriever to inhabit the White House.

Liberty came to the Ford family in 1974 when Gerald was already President of the United States. Some stories suggest that Ford had a deep connection with Liberty. It is said that Ford had a special sign that he would use with the dog, particularly when he wanted to end an awkward or heavy conversation. When Liberty received the signal, she would approach and warmly greet the guest.

Some of Liberty's most typical appearances during the Ford administration were her walks along with Susan , the youngest daughter of the Ford family.

7
Pushinka Kennedy

Image: Berkay Gumustekin

Now it's the turn of Pushinka , a dog that wasn't born in America but went on to become a loved presidential pet!

But she was not just any puppy. She was the offspring of Strelka , one of the first dogs to travel into space and return safely aboard Korabl-Sputnik 2 in 1960.

After her space journey, Strelka gave birth to a litter of puppies, including one named Pushinka . In 1961 , Pushinka was gifted to John F. Kennedy by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. Pushinka lived happily in the White House during JFK's presidency, and she even had offspring in the halls of the Executive Mansion! What an extraordinary life for a pup, right?

8
Macaroni Kennedy

Image: Zosia Szopka

But Pushinka was not the only pet in the Kennedy White House. Among the animals in the presidential family was Macaroni , a pony gifted to Caroline , daughter of President John F. Kennedy.

Isn't it true that almost every girl dreams of having a pony? Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson and his wife, Lady Bird Johnson, made Caroline's dream come true by giving her this cute gift in 1962 .

Of course, it quickly became the little girl's favorite and was often photographed with her. Macaroni was quite a celebrity at the time, and even made the cover of Life magazine in 1963!

9
Millie Bush

Image: Rafaëlla Waasdorp

Even though the 90s might feel like they were just yesterday, it's been quite a while since then, and some unforgettable events took place during that decade.

For example, a presidential pet "wrote" a book . That's right! Millie's Book , published in 1990 , was ghostwritten by Barbara Bush's chief of staff and tells the life in the White House from the dog’s perspective. But Millie was not only a bestselling author , she was also an honorary member of the American Kennel Club!

Millie, an English Springer Spaniel , joined the family of Barbara and George H. W. Bush in 1985 as a gift from friends. She remained with Bush until 1997, and even after her passing, some of her puppies continued to be part of the family.

10
Barney Bush

Image: paje victoria

Shortly after George W. Bush was elected President of the United States in 2000 , a cute Scottish Terrier named Barney came into his life.

With his playful personality, Barney stole everyone's attention during his time in the White House. He was also the star of the "Barney Cam" videos during the holiday season, in which the little dog was seen roaming around the White House and playing with family and staff members, always wearing his distinctive blue, red, and white patriotic collar . Do you remember him?

History History 4 min read

Side hustles

Whiskey, Hollywood, and Grammys? Unexpected jobs of former presidents!

Image: The Cleveland Museum of Art

Picture this: You have just finished your term as President of the United States. It was a tough job to tackle, but you made it. It’s your first day out of office, and you wonder, "What’s next?" A world of possibilities opens up. What is the first thing you would do in that position? These former presidents, from Washington to Bush, went different ways and took up activities most Americans don’t even know about. Let’s take a look at some fascinating second acts of former U.S. presidents.

1
George Washington - The whiskey-making Founding Father

Image: Daniel Vogel

After leading the nation, George Washington stepped into the world of spirits, whiskey spirits, that is! In 1797, his farm manager convinced him to open a distillery at Mount Vernon . Within two years, it became one of the largest in the country, producing nearly 11,000 gallons of whiskey annually.

Here’s a fun fact: Washington didn’t need a marketing team. His whiskey was sold in unmarked barrels to local merchants, and his operation was so successful that it became one of the top money-makers in the area. The best part? You can try it today at the reconstructed distillery!

2
Theodore Roosevelt - Adventurer-in-Chief

Image: Zetong Li

Not one to sit still, Theodore Roosevelt went on an exploration of the Amazon rainforest after leaving office. In 1913, he embarked on a seven-month journey to map an uncharted river . Guess what it’s called today? The Roosevelt River, of course!

The expedition was grueling: he caught malaria, suffered a leg injury, and nearly died. Though he made it back home, his health never fully recovered. Roosevelt’s post-presidency was all about adventure and risks!

3
Thomas Jefferson - The University Founder

Image: Ryan Ledbetter

Thomas Jefferson didn’t just help write the Declaration of Independence; he also founded the University of Virginia . A firm believer in education, he wanted to create a university that emphasized academic freedom and rigorous learning. So, in 1819, ten years after leaving office, he established the University of Virginia, which opened in 1825.

Jefferson personally designed the campus, including its iconic Rotunda, and hand-picked the first professors. He once called the university one of his greatest accomplishments, right up there with drafting the Declaration of Independence.

4
John Quincy Adams - From President to Congressman

Image: Ian Hutchinson

John Quincy Adams didn’t believe in retirement, you know? He didn’t go back for a second term, but instead of stepping away from public service, he returned to Congress, serving in the House of Representatives for nine terms until his death in 1848.

His dedication earned him the nickname "Father of the House." Even in his final moments, he was working: he collapsed on the House floor after casting a vote and died two days later. Well, once a public servant, always a public servant.

5
William Howard Taft - From President to Supreme Court Justice

Image: Adam Michael Szuscik

Most former presidents take a step back from government, but William Howard Taft went in the opposite direction. After serving as the 27th president, he was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1921.

He later admitted that being on the Supreme Court was his true calling, famously stating, "I don’t remember that I ever was president." Taft remains the only person in history to have served in both roles! Talk about an upgrade!

6
Calvin Coolidge - Presidential columnist

Image: AbsolutVision

Some former presidents write memoirs, but Calvin Coolidge took it a step further. From 1930 to 1931, he wrote a nationally syndicated newspaper column titled Thinking Things Over with Calvin Coolidge .

His articles covered a range of topics, from politics to everyday life. As it turns out, running a country gives you plenty to write about!

7
Jimmy Carter - The humanitarian president

Image: Library of Congress

If there’s one president who redefined life after the White House, that is Jimmy Carter. In 1982, he founded the Carter Center , a nonprofit organization focused on democracy, health, and human rights.

He has also spent decades working with Habitat for Humanity, personally helping to build homes for those in need. In 2002, Carter’s humanitarian work earned him the Nobel Peace Prize, making him the only former president to receive the honor for efforts made after leaving office. He once said his post-presidency was "more gratifying" than his time in politics. Only logical, right?

8
Ronald Reagan - A Knight of the Realm

Image: Annie Spratt

Yes, that’s a literal title. Ronald Reagan didn’t take up a new career after leaving office, but he did receive an unexpected knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II. In 1989, just months after stepping down as president, he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath.

While it’s a prestigious honor, American citizens aren’t allowed to use the title "Sir," so there was no "Sir Ronald" in the works. Reagan wasn’t the only president to receive this honor; Dwight Eisenhower and George H.W. Bush were also knighted.

9
Bill Clinton - Grammy-winning storyteller

Image: Annie Spratt

Bill Clinton has always been a gifted speaker, so it’s no surprise that he won not one, but two Grammy Awards, though they weren’t for playing his famous saxophone. He won Best Spoken Word Album in 2004 and 2005, narrating both a children’s book and his autobiography.

Clinton joins a small but prestigious club of American presidents who have won Grammys, including Barack Obama and Jimmy Carter. His ability to captivate audiences didn’t end with politics; he simply found a new stage.

10
George W. Bush - From the White House to the Art Studio

Image: Yannis Papanastasopoulos

After serving two terms as president, George W. Bush discovered a surprising new passion: painting. How about that? In 2012, he began taking art lessons , and by 2013, his paintings were revealed to the public following an email hack.

Bush embraced his new hobby and has since published several collections, including Portraits of Courage , which features paintings of US military veterans. His artwork has been exhibited in galleries, proving that a president can become an artist, too. While politics was his career, painting has become his personal form of expression.

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