Geography Geography 5 min read

Thriving in the heat

This is the most dangerous scorpion in all of North America!

Image: Dennis Thompson / PetrCZ

The desert can be one of the most dangerous environments for humans. However, despite the harsh conditions, a surprising number of species not only can survive but also exhibit incredible traits and abilities. If you're ready to meet 10 of these powerful (and, we must admit, threatening) creatures, keep reading!

1
Chuckwalla

Image: Matthew Mentley

The chuckwalla can grow up to 16 inches long, making it one of the largest desert lizards. However, its size isn't the most impressive thing about it. What sets it apart from the rest is its ability to inflate like a balloon to twice its size! That's right; chuckwallas inflate their bodies to fit perfectly into holes and crevices in rocks, making it nearly impossible for predators to pull them out.

As if that weren't enough, these lizards live in desert environments with virtually no water. Although they do take in some liquid, most of their hydration comes from the plants they eat.

2
Kangaroo rat

Image: Michael Jerrard

The incredible kangaroo rat is a specialist in surviving the harshest environments. One of its talents is construction; this rodent knows how to build elaborate burrows in sandy soils for shelter and protection. In addition, kangaroo rats have fur-lined cheek pouches that allow them to carry food from where they find it back to their burrows.

But what makes them unique is their jumping ability. As small rodents (just 3.5 to 5.5 inches), their leap is surprising: they can reach up to 9 feet in a single bound! Plus, like the chuckwalla, the kangaroo rat also survives in the desert on minimal water intake.

3
Gila monster

Image: David Clode

The Gila monster is as famous as it is amazing. This reptile, native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, stands out for its unique appearance: a dark, scaly skin with pink or orange spots. In addition, the Gila monster has something that makes it special: it's one of only two venomous lizards in North America. Its potent venom is full of neurotoxins that affect the nervous system of its prey, causing intense pain, swelling, bruising, and even paralysis.

4
Mojave green rattlesnake

Image: Photo by Mark Bratton, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

While any snake can be terrifying to most of us, the Mojave Green Rattlesnake stands out for several reasons.

The crotalus scutulatus —according to its scientific name— is distinguished by its greenish hue, which not only gives it its characteristic nickname but also helps it camouflage in the desert sand. This snake is not only venomous but is considered one of the most dangerous rattlesnakes! Its potent venom contains neurotoxins that, if left untreated with antivenom, can be lethal to various species, including humans.

5
Cactus wren

Image: Carol Lee

You've probably tried transplanting a cactus or got close to one, only to end up with tiny thorns that pricked you for days. But this doesn't happen to the cactus wren, an amazing bird known for its exceptional adaptation to the desert.

As its name implies, one of the most impressive features of the cactus wren is its ability to build large and sturdy nests on cacti without getting hurt. As if that weren't impressive enough, the bird's cleverness leads it to cover its nest with snakeskin to discourage potential predators. Incredible, right?

6
Green tarantula

Image: Thomas Oldenburger

Spiders are among the most feared creatures by humans. But if there's one spider that could scare even the bravest, it's the Mojave green tarantula, which can grow up to 4 inches long and has legs that span up to 6 inches!

Its venom delivers intense pain to its prey while simultaneously paralyzing them. In addition, these tarantulas have urticating hairs that irritate predators' skin, eyes, and respiratory systems. On the other hand, one of their great traits is their lifespan: This species can live up to 25 years in the wild!

7
Sidewinder rattlesnake

Image: Michael Jerrard

The sidewinder rattlesnake is definitely one of the desert bosses. You can tell it’s dangerous just by seeing it: Its typical triangular, flat head is topped with two horns that don't look friendly at all.

But what makes it a unique species is its movement pattern. This snake doesn't move in a straight line but in a sidewinding motion, lifting its body off the ground in a zigzag pattern. That allows it to confuse its prey while moving quickly without getting burned by the hot sand.

8
Pinyon jay

Image: frank mckenna

The cactus wren is not the only bird on this list; the pinyon jay also has its place. Nicknamed "forest farmers," pinyon jays bury the seeds of pinyon pines to eat later. The seeds they leave uneaten sprout into new pines, creating a symbiotic relationship between tree and bird. Even more impressive is their incredible memory: pinyon jays can remember thousands of seed burial locations, even months after hiding them!

9
Desert tortoise

Image: Abraham Weiss

Unlike bears and other animals that hibernate during the winter, desert tortoises enter a form of hibernation known as brumation. This occurs when it's very hot to save energy and they need to protect themselves from the heat. To do so, desert tortoises create deep burrows using their strong, shovel-like front legs. In addition, they can live up to 50 years in the wild, making them one of the longest-living reptiles.

10
Bark Scorpion

Image: Andrey Tikhonovskiy

When it comes to danger, the Bark Scorpion of the Mojave Desert is also one of the stars on this list. Considered one of the most dangerous scorpions in all of North America, this arachnid has a light yellowish body with darker spots. It tends to hide under rocks or trees, so you know where to be most careful. While it's not famous for attacking humans, it may sting if it feels threatened.

History History 4 min read

Versions to remember

Whitney's was unforgettable but so were these 10 National Anthem versions

Image: Xach Hill

Which version of The Star-Spangled Banner comes to mind when you hear the anthem mentioned? Is it the one you heard most often as a kid? The one that gave you goosebumps? Or perhaps the one that keeps showing up on social media? We decided to explore some of the most beloved versions of the National Anthem , as well as the most unforgettable performances. Let’s see if your favorite made the list!

1
Cher – Super Bowl of 1999

Image: Daniel Robert Dinu

Many consider Cher’s rendition of the "Star-Spangled Banner" at Super Bowl XXXIII in 1999 to be their favorite. Her velvety voice left some speechless—especially those who had only ever heard her sing pop!

The star brought her signature stage presence to the performance. Her deep, resonant voice filled the stadium. Dressed in a sleek, glittering gown, Cher let her vocals take center stage while elaborate choreography unfolded nearby.

2
Marvin Gaye – NBA All-Star Game (1983)

Image: Jon Tyson

Marvin Gaye’s rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the 1983 NBA All-Star Game was truly unforgettable. It remains one of the most iconic performances of the anthem. With a modern backing beat , the "Prince of Soul" infused the song with his signature smooth vocals and soulful style.

Featuring a slow, deliberate tempo and a drum machine backing track, Gaye encouraged the audience to clap along to the beat and created a unique, signature version.

3
Luther Vandross – Super Bowl of 1997

Image: Coppa Cover

The maestro of love ballads brought his signature smooth style to his version at Super Bowl XXXI in 1997 at the Louisiana Superdome.

Known for his romantic R&B hits, Luther Vandross infused the anthem with soul. Accompanied by slow drums and warm synths, he delivered a heartfelt and respectful rendition—with a distinctive ’90s twist.

4
Lady Gaga – Super Bowl of 2016

Image: Daniel Lazar

Lady Gaga was already an Academy Award nominee and multiple Grammy winner when she was invited to showcase her vocal prowess at Super Bowl 50.

She did not disappoint! Her powerful, theatrical voice delivered a vibrating version, accompanied only by a subtle piano. Dressed in glittering versions of the national colors, she moved the entire stadium.

5
Beyoncé – Presidential Inauguration of 2013

Image: Paul Weaver

"Queen Bey’s" performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner " at President Barack Obama’s second inauguration in 2013 was a moment of vocal brilliance.

Backed by a full, blaring orchestra , the global superstar showcased her impeccable voice control and a palpable sense of respect for the ceremony. While rumors swirled afterward about whether she had used a backing track—a claim she later addressed—the performance itself was undeniably impactful.

6
Diana Ross - Super Bowl of 1982

Image: Dave Adamson

What a voice! And she did it first ! Diana Ross was the first pop star to sing the national anthem at a Super Bowl. She took the mic and delivered an a cappella rendition for the entire stadium and viewers across the country—a feat that would have required courage from a less incredible singer!

The entire stadium joined in, creating an unforgettable, intimate feeling moment that ended in an uproar of cheers. Truly, a goosebump-inducing performance!

7
Jennifer Hudson – Super Bowl of 2009

Image: Ben Mater

Jennifer Hudson brought many to tears with her performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner" at Super Bowl XLIII in 2009. Already an Academy Award winner and celebrated musician, the American Idol star had firmly established herself as a force to be reckoned with.

Fans also cherished this performance as Hudson’s first public appearance following the tragic loss of three family members. Her powerful delivery was filled with chilling resilience.

8
Aretha Franklin & Aaron Neville – Super Bowl XL (2006)

Image: Ricardo IV Tamayo

The combined vocal power of Aretha Franklin and Aaron Neville at Super Bowl XL in 2006 resulted in a truly unforgettable rendition.

The undisputed Queen of Soul paired with Neville—renowned for his angelic falsetto—for a masterclass in soulful delivery . Backed by an impressive choir, the two legends crafted a unique and deeply moving performance.

9
Duke Ellington - Carnegie Hall Concerts

Image: Volodymyr Hryshchenko

Duke Ellington, the legendary composer and bandleader, graced the nation with his unique interpretation of "The Star-Spangled Banner" on multiple occasions, most notably during his Carnegie Hall concerts in the 1940s.

Renowned for his innovative big band jazz style, Ellington infused the anthem with swing and sophistication, creating a rendition that was both patriotic and unmistakably his own. His arrangement featured a dynamic brass section and lively percussion—timeless and elegant!

10
Jimi Hendrix – Woodstock in 1969

Image: Odair Faléco

Jimi Hendrix’s rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner" at Woodstock deserves a place on the podium. It remains one of the most iconic—and controversial—performances of the anthem.

Known for his revolutionary electric guitar playing and psychedelic rock style, Hendrix reimagined the traditional melody as a powerful statement against the Vietnam War. While some found it disrespectful, others viewed it as a raw and relevant reflection of the era’s turbulence.

11
Whitney Houston – Super Bowl of 1991

Image: Roland Kay-Smith

Finally, the performance that many consider their all-time favorite: Whitney Houston’s. We should bear in mind that her rendition was so powerful that it even reached the Billboard Hot 100 faster than any of her previous hits!

Released as a single, the version raised funds for soldiers and the families of those involved in the Persian Gulf War. With one of the greatest voices of her generation and an undeniable passion for her country, Houston delivered a truly unforgettable anthem.

Geography Geography 5 min read

Unparalleled sights

Have you ever seen these geological oddities found only in the US?

Image: Steve Wrzeszczynski

Hot springs painted like rainbows, diamond-handpicking lands, and a mysterious disappearing waterfall—these are some of the unique geological spots you can find only in the U.S. Surreal rock and mineral formations, like the Petrified Forest or the Fly Ranch Geyser, have acquired their vibrant colors over decades or even millennia and are still there, waiting to be marveled at by hikers and visitors. Have you ever seen or read about these one-of-a-kind marvels? Let’s dive into how they came to be!

1
Grand Prismatic Spring

Image: MikeGoad

The steaming, multicolored circle of the Grand Prismatic Spring is one of the most hypnotic and unique sights in the U.S. Part of Yellowstone National Park, this hot spring is the largest in the country and the third-largest in the world, measuring 370 feet wide and 160 feet deep.

Its vibrant colors, ranging from deep blue in the center to fiery red and orange at its edges, are unlike anything we see in nature every day. Minerals and microbes are responsible for these hues, with water temperature causing the pigments to fluctuate . The spring owes its existence to geothermal activity driven by Yellowstone's underlying magma chamber and is located in the Midway Geyser Basin.

2
Fly Ranch Geyser

Image: Ken Lund, CC BY-SA 2.0

One of the reasons why Fly Ranch Geyser is unique in the world is that it was formed after a human accident . This technicolor geothermal geyser, located on the Fly Ranch property in the Hualapai Geothermal Flats of Washoe County, Nevada, wasn’t there before 1916.

In 1916, while drilling a well for irrigation in the area, workers struck near-boiling geothermal water, leading to the creation of the first geyser. Decades later, in 1964, a geothermal energy company drilled a second well nearby, which caused the emergence of the Fly Geyser we know today. It has been spouting water into the sky ever since, forming several cone-like vents atop a mound that continues to grow.

3
Devil’s Kettle

Image: chrishawaii

Where does the water from the Brule River go when it falls? For a long time, this was a mystery. Located in Judge C.R. Magney State Park near Grand Marais, Minnesota, along the North Shore of Lake Superior, the river is famous for its unusual split: one half flows downstream, while the other plunges into a seemingly bottomless hole .

This waterfall has baffled visitors and scientists for years because objects thrown into the "kettle," such as logs and ping-pong balls, appeared to vanish without resurfacing. This fueled theories of underground rivers or deep caverns beneath the falls. The mystery was solved recently when hydrologists discovered that the water entering the kettle resurfaces downstream . The kettle's strong currents explain why objects thrown in don’t resurface; they are broken apart and held underwater, functioning like a natural washing machine.

4
Mono Lake Tufa Towers

Image: Stephen Leonardi

These unique limestone formations, known as the Mono Lake Tufa Towers, emerge from the salty, alkaline waters of Mono Lake , fed by underwater springs. Located in eastern California, near the Sierra Nevada mountains and about 13 miles east of Yosemite National Park, they are a striking natural wonder.

These tufa towers rise dramatically from the water. How were they formed? Mono Lake has no outlet, so its high alkalinity and salinity caused minerals to accumulate over time. This unique environment supports an ecosystem of brine shrimp, alkali flies, and migratory birds. To give you an idea, the lake’s salinity is more than twice that of the ocean, which means you could float effortlessly in its waters, as many visitors do.

5
Crater of Diamonds

Image: Brett Sayles

If you find a diamond here, you get to keep it—this is the only diamond-bearing site in the world where that's possible. Open to the public for mining , the Crater of Diamonds is a 37.5-acre field located near Murfreesboro, Arkansas. It marks the eroded surface of a volcanic pipe composed of lamproite, a rare volcanic rock.

Visitors sometimes find diamonds of various colors, including white, yellow, and brown, along with other gems like amethyst and garnet. It was here that the "Uncle Sam Diamond" was found, the largest diamond ever dug out in North America, weighing 40.23 carats. Diamonds were first discovered here in 1906 when a local farmer found unusual crystals on his land, which sparked a minor diamond rush.

6
Antelope Canyon

Image: Roberto Lee Cortes

Rocks that look like flowing water: Antelope Canyon is a famous and breathtaking slot canyon in northern Arizona. It consists of two main sections: Upper Antelope Canyon (a.k.a. Tsé bighánílíní, or "the place where water runs through rocks") and Lower Antelope Canyon ( Hazdistazí, or "spiral rock arches").

The canyon was formed over millions of years as flash floods and desert winds eroded the Navajo Sandstone. Even today, seasonal flash flooding continues to shape and carve the canyon’s mesmerizing features. Its surreal, wave-like formations in shades of orange are a favorite subject for photographers and tourists from all over the world.

7
Petrified Forest

Image: Megan Clark

The Petrified Forest National Park in northeastern Arizona boasts one of the world's largest and most vibrant concentrations of petrified wood . The park, part of the Painted Desert, is located between the Apache and Navajo Counties.

Most of the wood found there is from ancient conifer trees that date back about 225 million years to the Late Triassic period. These trees were swept into river systems, buried by sediment, and transformed into stone through a process called permineralization . The park also features a wealth of fossilized remains of ancient animals, including early reptiles.

8
Devils Tower

Image: Kyle Petzer

The Devils Tower stands alone, protruding dramatically from the plains. Considered sacred by Native American tribes, it was originally called "bad god’s tower," a name that eventually evolved into its current form. Located in northeastern Wyoming, this igneous rock monolith soars 867 feet above its base.

It was designated the first U.S. National Monument by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906. Geologists agree that Devils Tower was formed through the intrusion of magma into sedimentary rock layers about 50 to 60 million years ago. Today, climbers from around the world are drawn to its sheer walls, though climbing is prohibited in June to honor Native ceremonies.

9
The Wave

Image: Mark Nemenzo

The Wave is a visually stunning sandstone formation located in the Coyote Buttes North area of the Vermilion Cliffs National Monument. Known for its hypnotic, swirling bands of red, orange, and yellow, its delicate ridges are so easily damaged that even one misplaced footstep could ruin the beautiful patterns.

Approximately 185 million years ago, this area was a vast desert covered in dunes. Over time, layers of sand were deposited, compacted, and cemented, forming this Navajo sandstone shape. Unfortunately, The Wave is only accessible by a challenging hike that requires a permit, due to the fragility of its ecosystem and high demand from visitors. With less than 5% of applicants obtaining a permit each year, it is one of the most exclusive hiking destinations in the world.

10
Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument

Image: Bruce Warrington

The Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument, located in northern New Mexico, displays a unique landscape of tall, cone-shaped rock formations. These "tent rocks," composed of pumice and tuff, are known as "hoodoos." They are natural formations ranging from a few feet to approximately 90 feet tall.

The name "Kasha-Katuwe" means "white cliffs" in the Keresan language of the Cochiti Pueblo. Hiking trails, such as the Slot Canyon Trail, offer visitors the opportunity to explore the cones up close while walking through dramatic, narrow canyons.

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