Culture Culture 3 min read

Talk about a busy life

So much more than a musical: 10 cool facts about Alexander Hamilton

Image: Engin Akyurt

America’s history is full of great historical figures, and sometimes it can be hard to keep track of all their accomplishments. Lin-Manuel Miranda’s musical Hamilton drew the nation’s and even the world’s attention to this Founding Father and his life. From his orphaned childhood to his political rivalries and the institutions he helped create, Alexander Hamilton lived many lives rolled into one. Did you know these ten facts about him?

1
He was not allowed to attend school

Image: Hennie Stander

It was a different time back then, that is for sure. Because Hamilton’s parents were never married, he was barred from attending school . Fortunately, the young Alexander was privately educated and pored over his family’s collection of classics.

Despite being an orphan from an early age (his father abandoned the family when Hamilton was just a boy, and his mother died not long after), Hamilton stayed on course and remained an avid reader throughout his life.

2
His writing skills helped him leave the Caribbean

Image: Clark Young

Alexander Hamilton was born on the island of Nevis in the British West Indies. A letter he sent to his father detailing a hurricane that struck Saint Croix was reprinted in the Royal Danish American Gazette due to his remarkable penmanship.

The locals were so impressed by his style that they raised money to send Hamilton to a college in the British North American colonies.

3
Self-taught lawyer

Image: Tingey Injury Law Firm

Most people would have been happy with their lot in life if they were George Washington’s personal secretary, but not Alexander Hamilton. After resigning from his post, he was able to study law and passed a legal examination within six months in 1782 .

He had been reading law on his own in Nevis and at King’s College and had studied with John Jay and William Paterson, two future Supreme Court justices.

4
The bulk of the Federalist Papers

Image: Sear Greyson

Hamilton, along with Madison and Jay, was one of the three authors of The Federalist Papers , which helped secure the Constitution's ratification. Hamilton wrote roughly 51 of the 85 essays , which are still consulted today by scholars and the Supreme Court. However, Hamilton’s authorship of the documents wasn’t made public until after his death in 1804.

5
Founded the Treasury Department

Image: Alexander Schimmeck

When Washington became president, he appointed Hamilton as the first Secretary of the Treasury . Hamilton devised a solution to pay off the former colonies’ war debt and then organized the Treasury Department into a powerful unit.

Hamilton also formed the First Bank of the United States and helped convince other nations that the United States was financially stable.

6
Inspired the first American political party

Image: Adam Michael Szuscik

Hamilton’s work as Treasury Secretary and his advocacy for a strong central government led to the unofficial formation of the Federalist Party by 1791 . And, as often happens when a political party arises, a rival is quickly formed.

In response, leaders like James Madison and Thomas Jefferson created a political faction known as the Democratic-Republicans, which directly opposed Hamilton and his ideas.

7
Helped his political rival become President

Image: Alicia Razuri

In the 1800 presidential election, the House of Representatives, controlled by the Federalists, had two Republican candidates to choose from: Jefferson and Aaron Burr. In a private letter to a House member, Hamilton expressed his strong dislike for Burr .

"Mr. Burr loves nothing but himself—thinks of nothing but his own aggrandizement—and will be content with nothing short of permanent power in his own hands. In a choice of Evils, let them take the least—Jefferson is, in my view, less dangerous than Burr."

8
Received Washington’s last letter

Image: Valeria Reverdo

George Washington, the first president of the United States, sent his last written letter to Hamilton two days before his death on December 14, 1799. In it, Washington (who had been a mentor to Hamilton throughout his political career) praised his apprentice’s idea of establishing a national military academy.

Washington wrote to Hamilton that such an institution would be of "primary importance to the country."

9
Founded the New York Post

Image: Roman Kraft

Hamilton conceived his newspaper, originally called the New York Evening Post , as a megaphone for the anti-Jefferson Federalist Party , which he helped create. Hamilton himself wrote many of The Post’s early editorials.

The newspaper was founded in November 1801, and according to its editor, William Coleman, Hamilton personally wrote many of the editorials.

10
His son died in a duel, too

Image: GAIMARD

Just like his father, Philip Hamilton also received a mortal wound in a duel . This tragic event occurred three years before Alexander Hamilton’s own demise, under similar circumstances.

Both duels took place in Weehawken, New Jersey. In a cruel twist of fate, Alexander Hamilton even used the same set of pistols as his son.

Culture Culture 4 min read

What if…?

You won’t believe who almost replaced Harrison Ford in Star Wars!

Image: GR Stocks

Some movie characters have become so iconic that it’s hard to picture anyone else in the role. But the truth is, many of these parts almost went to completely different actors. Can you imagine Al Pacino as Han Solo? It nearly happened! In this article, we’ll explore that story and nine other cases where famous characters almost end up with a different face.

1
Han Solo- Al Pacino

Image: Gotfryd, Bernard, photographer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Can you imagine the legendary Han Solo played by anyone other than Harrison Ford? Hard to picture, right? But it nearly happened: Al Pacino was actually offered the role. According to Pacino, he got the Star Wars script before it became a massive hit, but he "didn’t understand it" and decided to pass.

2
Jack Nicholson- Michael Corleone

Image: Larry Bessel, Los Angeles Times, CC BY 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

It’s true that the great Jack Nicholson had no shortage of incredible roles and performances. But did you know he almost played one of cinema’s most iconic gangsters, Michael Corleone? However, Nicholson felt that "an Italian-American character should be played by an Italian-American actor" and passed on the role, which ultimately went to the brilliant Al Pacino.

3
Pretty Woman- Molly Ringwald

Image: Panio Gianopoulos, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Pretty Woman (1990) is undeniably one of the iconic films of the ’90s, made unforgettable by the stellar performances of Richard Gere and Julia Roberts. But did you know the role of Vivian almost went to someone else? Molly Ringwald, star of Sixteen Candles (1984) and The Breakfast Club (1985), was originally considered, but she turned it down because she didn’t feel comfortable with the role.

4
Jack from Titanic- Matthew McConaughey

Image: All-Pro Reels from District of Columbia, USA, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Can you picture a young Matthew McConaughey as the lovely Jack in Titanic (1997)? Hard to imagine, right? But it almost happened! Although he was five years older than Leonardo DiCaprio, both auditioned for the role. McConaughey came close to landing it but ultimately lost out because he refused to drop his Southern accent.

5
Catwoman- Madonna

Image: chrisweger, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

When we think of Catwoman, Michelle Pfeiffer instantly comes to mind, as she gave us one of the most iconic portrayals of the character in Batman Returns (1992). But the role wasn’t always meant for Pfeiffer. That’s right! Catwoman almost went to the legendary Madonna. Believe it or not, the singer was originally offered the role but didn’t find it appealing at the time. Years later, she admitted she regretted passing it up.

6
Django- Will Smith

Image: Raph_PH, CC BY 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

In 2012, Quentin Tarantino brought us Django Unchained , inspired by the 1966 Spaghetti Western classic Django . The film was a hit, with Jamie Foxx shining as the lead. But it could have looked very different, as another actor was originally offered the role: Will Smith. After reading the script, he passed, feeling that Django was overshadowed by other characters and that the story focused too much on vengeance.

7
Mrs. Smith- Gwen Stefani

Image: Lorie Shaull from St Paul, United States, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005) isn’t just one of the sexiest films of recent years; it’s also where Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie met and fell in love. But we almost missed out on this iconic couple! Why? Well, besides Angelina, other actresses and artists were considered for the role. One of them was singer Gwen Stefani, who said she "almost got it" but chose to focus on her music career instead.

8
Neo- Will Smith

Image: Gage Skidmore from Peoria, AZ, United States of America, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

We don’t know how many roles Will Smith has turned down over the years, but he appears twice on this list! This time, it’s the legendary Neo from The Matrix franchise. According to Smith, when they offered him the role, he had also been offered Captain James West in Wild Wild West (1999) and ultimately chose that one instead.

9
Captain America- John Krasinski

Image: Gabriel Hutchinson, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

John Krasinski won our hearts as the clever Jim in The Office . But did you know he nearly became a superhero? He was close to playing Captain America! Although he even auditioned, Krasinski later joked that when he saw Chris Hemsworth in his Thor costume, he realized the role and the movie weren’t quite for him.

10
Iron Man- Tom Cruise

Image: Gabriel Hutchinson Photography, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Iron Man, the genius billionaire who uses his brains and wealth for good, is a Marvel icon we all know and love thanks to Robert Downey Jr.’s brilliant performance. But did you know we almost saw Tom Cruise dressed up as a superhero? That’s right! He was seriously considered for the role, though the way the project was pitched didn’t quite convince him.

Geography Geography 3 min read

American wonders

The Grand Canyon is older than dinosaurs—10 facts you never knew

Image: Drif Riadh

The Grand Canyon is one of America’s greatest natural wonders, but its history holds more surprises than you might think. From its ancient formation to modern discoveries, this canyon’s story is filled with adventure, mystery, and national pride. Here are 10 astonishing facts that reveal its amazing journey through time.

1
Ancient origins

Image: Ameer Basheer

The Grand Canyon isn’t just old—it’s millions of years older than previously thought. Some rock layers at the bottom date back 1.8 billion years, nearly half the age of Earth itself. While the canyon itself is around 5 to 6 million years old, recent studies suggest parts of it began forming 70 million years ago—during the dinosaur era.

2
Once an ocean floor

Image: Yannis Papanastasopoulos

Long before it was a canyon, this region sat beneath an ancient sea. The Kaibab Limestone, the canyon’s top layer, formed from marine fossils left behind as the waters receded 270 million years ago. The presence of coral, shellfish, and even shark fossils proves the area was once home to a thriving ocean ecosystem.

3
Carved by more than water

Image: Wolfgang Hasselmann

While the Colorado River played a huge role in shaping the canyon, other forces were at work. Volcanic activity, tectonic uplift, and even landslides helped carve out its immense depths. Lava flows from nearby volcanoes poured into the canyon, creating layers of rock that tell the story of violent geological change.

4
The earliest human inhabitants

Image: Russ McCabe

Humans have lived near the Grand Canyon for at least 12,000 years. The earliest known inhabitants were Paleo-Indians, who left behind stone tools and spear points. Later, the Ancestral Puebloans built cliff dwellings and left behind intricate pottery, proving that this seemingly inhospitable land was once home to thriving communities.

5
First European encounter

Image: Antoine Vidal de La Blache

Spanish explorer García López de Cárdenas was the first European to lay eyes on the canyon in 1540. Sent by Francisco Vázquez de Coronado in search of legendary cities of gold, he and his men were shocked by its vastness. They tried to climb down for water but failed, unable to comprehend its sheer scale.

6
Named a national monument

Image: Benjamin Cutting

President Theodore Roosevelt designated the Grand Canyon a national monument in 1908, calling it a place "every American should see." He was instrumental in protecting it from commercial exploitation, setting the stage for its eventual National Park status in 1919.

7
Hidden caves

Image: Russ McCabe

The Grand Canyon contains over 1,000 caves, but fewer than 400 have been explored. Some remain completely untouched, preserving prehistoric fossils and evidence of ancient human life. Today, only one cave is open to the public—Grand Canyon Caverns, located nearby in Arizona.

8
Phantom ranch

Image: Annie Spratt

Built in the 1920s, Phantom Ranch remains one of the most isolated lodges in America. Located at the bottom of the canyon, it’s only accessible by hiking, mule ride, or rafting. Due to high demand, reservations are awarded through a lottery system.

9
America’s first canyon explorer

Image: Alex Moliski

John Wesley Powell led the first recorded expedition through the Grand Canyon in 1869. With one arm lost in the Civil War, he braved the Colorado River’s treacherous rapids in wooden boats. His journey mapped the canyon’s uncharted territory, proving it wasn’t an impassable wasteland but a geological treasure trove.

10
Forgotten civilizations?

Image: Otacilio Maia

In the 1930s, explorer Emery Kolb uncovered a sealed cave in the canyon containing ancient artifacts and human remains. Some speculated it belonged to a lost civilization, but archaeologists determined it was a prehistoric Native American site. The canyon still holds thousands of undiscovered archaeological sites, adding to its mystery and historical significance.

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