1

1851: Early refining emerges

Image: Cedrik Wesche

Just before the drilling boom, chemists like Samuel Kier developed small stills to refine crude oil into kerosene for lamps.

That innovation turned oil from a curiosity into a practical commodity. Kerosene replaced whale oil, making lighting cheaper and more widely available, and it created demand for a reliable crude supply.

2

1859: First commercial well

Image: Provincial Archives of Alberta

On August 27, 1859, Drake Well near Titusville, Pennsylvania, drilled by Edwin L. Drake, became the first purposefully drilled commercial oil well in U.S. history.

This moment ignited the first true American oil boom. Suddenly, it was possible to produce large volumes of crude—not just collect surface seepage—and to refine it into useful fuels.

3

1860s–1870s: Pennsylvania oil rush

Image: Jeff W

Word of the Drake success spread fast, and drilling spiked throughout Pennsylvania. Towns such as Titusville swelled almost overnight as wells and refineries spread along Oil Creek Valley.

Railroads extended into western Pennsylvania to transport oil across the country, embedding petroleum into America’s emerging industrial infrastructure.

4

1890s: Dawn of the automobile

Image: Matthew Lancaster

By the 1890s and into the early 20th century, the rise of the automobile created growing demand for gasoline , which had previously been a relatively minor byproduct of crude oil refining.

This shift moved oil’s primary role away from lighting and industrial lubrication and toward transportation fuel , setting the stage for petroleum to dominate America’s energy needs in the decades that followed.

5

1900s–1910s: Rise of big oil companies

Image: Russel Bailo

Following early successes, oil refining and distribution consolidated. Firms like Standard Oil Company rose to dominate refining, pipelines, and distribution networks.

At the same time, new oil fields and competition still challenged monopolies and spread oil wealth and infrastructure across more regions of the country.

6

1914–1945: Oil & war

Image: Roman

During both World War I and World War II, U.S. oil production and refining capacity became critical to the Allied war effort , fueling ships, vehicles, aircraft, and manufacturing.

That strategic role cemented oil’s position not only in industry but also in American global power, military strategy, and foreign policy.

7

1960: A global oil cartel forms

Image: Christian Harb

On September 14, 1960, the main oil‑exporting nations formed the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to coordinate oil production and influence prices globally.

Though initially limited in power, OPEC’s rise began to challenge American dominance , setting the stage for decades of geopolitical tension around oil supply.

8

1969: Santa Barbara oil spill

Image: matt brown

In early 1969, a blowout from an offshore drilling platform released tens of thousands of barrels of oil into the waters off California’s coast, devastating marine life and beaches.

The resulting public outrage helped trigger a surge in environmental awareness and regulation, marking a turning point in how the oil industry was perceived socially and politically.

9

1970–1973: Peak and decline

Image: Documerica

By 1970, U.S. conventional oil production reached its peak, but soon after began a decline as domestic fields matured and couldn’t keep up with the growing demand.

As American production fell, the country gradually became more reliant on foreign oil, a shift that would have major economic and political repercussions.

10

2000s–2010s: Top oil producer again

Image: engin akyurt

In the early 2000s, engineers refined techniques like hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. This unlocked vast shale‑oil and shale‑gas reserves previously uneconomical to tap.

From about 2010 onward, U.S. crude oil production rose sharply, reversing decades of decline. By 2019, the country was producing at levels not seen since the early 1970s.

1

Roasted chickpeas

Image: Rashpal Singh

Healthy snacks are a great way to kick off our list of nutritious and delicious treats. And roasted chickpeas are as tasty, crunchy, healthy, and easy to make as it gets.

Simply grab a can of chickpeas , rinse and dry them, then toss them with paprika , ground cumin , salt, and a bit of olive oil. Spread the chickpeas on a baking tray and roast them at maximum heat for about 30 minutes. Once they’re crunchy, they’re ready. Let them cool and enjoy!

2

Chocolate hummus

Image: Ludovic Avice

Yes, you read that right—chocolate hummus. And it’s amazing! This crowd-pleasing dip pairs perfectly with fruit, pancakes, or waffles. To make it, blend canned chickpeas (rinsed), a spoonful of vanilla almond milk , a spoonful of cocoa powder , and honey . Let it chill in the fridge for a couple of hours, and you're done. Ready to dip!

3

Air-fryer sweet potato fries

Image: Ella Olsson

The basic idea here is simple: sweet potatoes are healthier than regular potatoes, and air-frying is a healthier alternative to deep frying.

This recipe is quick and easy. Just cut a couple of sweet potatoes into strips, toss them with canola oil , salt , and pepper in a bowl, and transfer them to the air-fryer basket. Cook at 400°F for 10 to 12 minutes, pausing to stir halfway through. Once they’re done, let them cool slightly—and eat!

4

Peanut butter cookies

Image: No Revisions

This peanut butter cookie recipe is completely flourless—gluten-free and dairy-free! To make it, mix peanut butter , one large egg , two tablespoons of oat bran , and a bit of maple syrup . Preheat the oven to 350°F, and while it heats up, shape the cookies.

Place them on a baking tray and bake for 15 minutes. Let them cool for a bit, and they’re ready to enjoy!

5

Sesame-garlic pumpkin seeds

Image: Anshu A

Here’s another snack that’s both delicious and nutritious! This pumpkin seed mix is a great way to use leftover seeds from your pumpkin recipe.

In a small bowl, mix pumpkin seeds , a large egg white , sesame seeds , a teaspoon of minced garlic , and salt . Spread the mixture in a single layer on a baking pan. Bake at 350°F for 35 to 40 minutes, stirring every 10 minutes, until dry and golden brown.

6

Watermelon cups

Image: Ibrahim Rifath

The great-looking appetizer is incredibly simple to make, and its fresh flavor is perfect for warm months.

Just cut the watermelon into cubes and scoop out the center of each. In a small bowl, mix chopped cucumber , red onion , fresh mint , cilantro , and a splash of lime juice . Spoon the mixture into the hollowed-out watermelon cubes—you’re done!

7

Pan-seared shrimp

Image: Daniel Lee

These pan-seared shrimp are the first non-vegan recipe on this list—and they’re incredibly easy to make!

Sauté one pound of peeled and deveined uncooked medium shrimp in two tablespoons of olive oil with two minced garlic cloves . Add one-third of a cup of white wine , then cook and stir for 3 to 5 minutes, or until the shrimp turn pink. Serve with white rice and sprinkle with fresh parsley.

8

Guacamole

Image: Zoshua Colah

Everybody loves guacamole, but do you know how to make it? This simple recipe is a delicious and healthy snack to try. Just be sure to prepare it right before serving, as avocados brown quickly.

Peel and chop two ripe medium-sized avocados , place them in a small bowl, and sprinkle with lemon juice . Add one-fourth of a cup of chunky salsa and mash coarsely with a fork. Let it chill in the fridge for a few minutes before serving.

9

Roasted peppers and cauliflower

Image: Deon Black

This simple, delicious, and colorful recipe will quickly become a staple once you try it. Place one medium head of cauliflower (broken into florets), two medium red peppers (cut into strips), and two sliced onions in a shallow roasting pan. Drizzle with two tablespoons of olive oil , season with salt and pepper , and toss to coat.

Roast uncovered at 425°F for 20 minutes. Stir, then roast for 10 more minutes or until the vegetables are tender and lightly browned. Transfer to a serving bowl, sprinkle with Parmesan cheese and parsley. Done!

10

Caprese brochettes

Image: Patrick Ho

Light, delicious, and easy to make on short notice, these Caprese brochettes are a lifesaver when you need a quick, health-conscious party snack.

Simply take some skewers and assemble each one with grape tomatoes , fresh mozzarella balls , and basil leaves . Drizzle with olive oil and balsamic vinegar —and enjoy!

11

Green & gold salsa

Image: Kat

This salsa is a fantastic dip made with just a few simple ingredients. Combine one cup of shelled edamame , one cup of corn , one cup of cubed avocado , and sliced cucumber . Blend well, then let it chill in the fridge for half an hour before serving. Bon appétit!

12

Red pepper tapenade

Image: Nick Collins

A simple appetizer for any occasion, this roasted red pepper tapenade pairs perfectly with water crackers or toasted bread.

In a small saucepan, bring two cups of water to a boil. Add two peeled garlic cloves and cook uncovered for six to eight minutes, or until tender. Drain and pat the garlic dry. In a small food processor, combine the blanched garlic , red peppers , almonds , tomato paste , olive oil, salt, and pepper. Process until smooth. Chill, then garnish with fresh basil before serving.

1

Calling on the go

Image: Peter Conrad

Remember scrambling for a few coins just to make a call? Payphones were once the only option when we were out and about. Stepping into that narrow booth, shutting the door behind you, and enjoying a moment of privacy in the middle of a busy street—there was something almost comforting about it. It was like entering your own little world, at least for a couple of minutes. These days, all we need is a quick tap on our smartphones, and we're instantly connected, texting or calling without a second thought. It’s hard to imagine how reliant we once were on those old, clunky machines.

2

Renting movies

Image: Lucas Pezeta

The thrill of stepping into a bustling video store was unlike anything today’s streaming services can replicate. You’d wander down aisles packed with vividly colored VHS tapes , each promising a new adventure. Flipping over the box to study the cover art, reading the credits on the back, and debating with a friend about which one to choose was a delightful experience. Even the faint scent of plastic immediately meant you were in for a treat! That simple ritual of holding a tape in your hands created a sense of anticipation and excitement that no algorithm could ever replace.

3

Inflight smoking

Image: Willem van de Poll, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

In the past, flying meant more than just traveling from one city to another—it also came with the freedom of lighting up a cigarette at 30,000 feet. Airplanes had designated smoking sections where passengers could relax, chat, and enjoy a puff as the clouds drifted past the windows. It wasn’t limited to a cramped bathroom stall; entire rows of seats were reserved for smokers, allowing a haze of cigarette smoke to linger in the cabin. Today, someone flicking a lighter mid-flight feels downright impossible, but back then, it was a part of air travel, blending seamlessly into the normal routines of passengers and crew alike.

4

Watching TV shows at specific times

Image: Bruna Araujo

Back in the ’60s, ’70s, and ’80s, the television set was the heart of the home. Evenings were carefully planned around the networks’ schedules, with everyone rushing to grab a spot on the couch to catch their favorite shows. There were no streaming platforms, DVRs, or on-demand options—if you missed an episode of M A S H or Dallas , you had to wait for a rerun . The ritual of sitting together, passing the popcorn, and reacting in unison to every twist and punchline created shared experiences that shaped conversations at school, at work, and across society.

5

Recording songs off the radio

Image: Jon Tyson

Before iPods and Spotify playlists, listening to music was a hands-on, almost ritualistic experience. If you wanted to capture that perfect song, you had to park yourself next to the radio, finger poised over the record button, ears straining to catch the opening notes before the DJ’s voice intruded. Each recording you made became a personal treasure, a handcrafted collection of melodies carefully curated to match your mood or even remind you of your secret crush. These homemade mixtapes weren’t just recordings; they were little time capsules, unique expressions of your feelings, created with patience, care, and a touch of magic that no digital playlist could ever fully imitate.

6

Hitting up the arcade

Image: Roger Ce

During the 1980s, video arcades were the ultimate playground . Stepping inside those dark rooms meant entering a world of blinking lights, beeping machines, and the unmistakable clatter of buttons being mashed in furious competition. Dropping a token into a machine carried such a thrill! The energy—the smell of popcorn and soda, the laughter echoing across the room— created an immersive social experience. Modern home consoles and online gaming may be more convenient, but they rarely capture that electric, face-to-face camaraderie and the pure sensory joy of an arcade packed with neon lights and catchy sound effects.

7

Navigating paper maps

Image: Hendrik Morkel

Before the age of GPS and smartphones, road trips relied on good old-fashioned physical maps. Those oversized sheets of paper stretched across car seats and dashboards, as everyone tried to find the best route. Planning a trip meant carefully studying every road, estimating distances, and hoping you didn’t make a wrong turn. And when you inevitably did? You’d pull over, wave down a stranger, and ask for directions—sometimes discovering hidden diners, quirky roadside attractions, or scenic shortcuts along the way. Getting lost wasn’t just a misfortune; it was part of the adventure, turning every detour into a memorable story, something today’s satellite navigation could never give you.

8

Reading newspapers

Image: Claudio Schwarz

Settling into your favorite chair with a steaming cup of coffee and unfolding the paper was the ultimate morning ritual. It wasn’t just about catching up on the news— it was about the experience itself. Turning each page carefully, scanning headlines, lingering over the sports scores, chuckling at the comics, and sometimes discussing the day’s stories with family or neighbors made it a shared tradition. Today, with news available instantly on our phones and tablets, that slow, deliberate connection—the feeling of being present with the world as it woke up—has virtually disappeared.

9

Listening to music on a Walkman

Image: cottonbro studio

Ah, the Walkman—that small rectangular marvel encapsulating the world of music right inside your pocket. You could carry an entire collection of albums with you, from Elvis to Sinatra, and listen wherever you went. Whether strolling to school, waiting for the bus, or just wandering around the neighborhood, your personal soundtrack followed you everywhere. Popping in a cassette, pressing play, and letting the songs sweep you away, drowning out the outside world and turning every ordinary moment into a private concert, was pure magic.

10

Hanging out at the mall

Image: Jeyakumaran Mayooresan

Before the internet transformed the way we shop, malls were bustling social hubs . In the ’70s and ’80s, they weren’t just places to buy things. At shopping centers, you ate pizza and spent hours wandering around, window-shopping, or trying on clothes that were probably out of your budget. The mall was the ultimate hangout spot—whether you were meeting new people, catching up with old friends, or simply enjoying the cool air conditioning on a sweltering summer day.