1

Desert Blaze

Image: Manda Hansen

The Mojave Desert spans California, Nevada, and Arizona and is home to Death Valley, where the highest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 134°F in 1913. Despite these hostile conditions, the region still hosts a great diversity of wildlife, including coyotes, bobcats, and desert tortoises, all adapted to survive with minimal water.

The desert’s extreme heat and arid landscape are also home to unique flora such as the Joshua tree, which thrives in spite of the poor soil and dry air.

2

Arctic Frontier

Image: Yuval Zukerman

Alaska's tundra is a cold desert with freezing temperatures and long winters. Permafrost, a layer of permanently frozen ground, covers much of this region, making habitation challenging. However, beneath the ice lies a wealth of natural resources, including vast oil reserves.

During the summer—due to its latitude—the tundra experiences 24-hour daylight, known as the "midnight sun," though the landscape remains largely frozen and treeless. Wildlife, including caribou, arctic foxes, and polar bears, have adapted to survive these extreme conditions.

3

Rocky Peaks

Image: Joshua Woroniecki

The Rockies feature a high-altitude alpine climate, where temperatures drop with elevation, often resulting in snowfall even in the middle of summer. Hikers and tourists from all over the world come to this region to appreciate the striking mountains and its beautiful forests.

These snow-covered peaks are also a crucial part of America’s water supply, as the snowpack feeds major rivers like the Colorado River that provide drinking water to millions in the Southwest.

4

Great Plains Winds

Image: Raychel Sanner

Stretching across the center of the country, the Great Plains is known for its fierce winds and severe weather, particularly tornadoes. Tornado Alley, which covers states like Kansas and Oklahoma, experiences more tornadoes than anywhere else in the world, thanks to the collision of warm Gulf air and cold Arctic fronts.

The region’s semi-arid climate also makes it prone to droughts, as seen during the infamous Dust Bowl of the 1930s. Despite these harsh conditions, the Plains are known as America’s breadbasket, producing massive amounts of wheat, corn, and soybeans that feed the whole nation.

5

Humid South

Image: Michael Sanchez

The Southeast’s humid subtropical climate means long, hot summers with high humidity levels, often reaching over 90%. Frequent thunderstorms and hurricanes are also common in this area, with states like Florida and Louisiana bearing the brunt of some of the most powerful storms in U.S. history, including Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

The warm and wet environment fosters lush and thick vegetation where cypress trees, Spanish moss, and dense wetlands create unique ecosystems. The region is also known for its rich diversity of wildlife, which includes alligators, turtles, and numerous bird species.

6

California Sunshine

Image: Spencer DeMera

Southern California's Mediterranean climate features mild winters and hot, dry summers, with Los Angeles receiving an average of just 15 inches of rain annually. This climate has made the area a global hub for agriculture, especially in the Central Valley, where crops like almonds, avocados, and citrus thrive.

The sunny weather also makes California a popular tourist destination, attracting millions to its beaches and outdoor activities. However, this climate also brings challenges, such as frequent droughts and devastating wildfires that can sweep across the dry landscape.

7

Pacific Northwest Rain

Image: Dave Hoefler

The Pacific Northwest is famous for its temperate rainforests, with areas like the Hoh Rainforest receiving over 140 inches of rain annually. This constant rainfall supports some of the largest and oldest trees in the country, including towering Douglas firs and redwoods.

While the cool air and consistent moisture nourish its rainforests, it also contributes to cloudy skies that block sunlight for much of the year. This prolonged overcast weather is linked to a high incidence of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), as the lack of sunlight affects mood and energy levels for many residents.

8

Tropical Keys

Image: Hector Falcon

The Florida Keys are one of the only regions of the U.S. with true tropical climate, with warm temperatures year-round and rainy and dry seasons rather than the traditional four seasons. Key West, the southernmost point in the country, never experiences freezing temperatures, making it a popular escape during the colder months.

While the tropical breezes make for a laid-back island vibe, the area is also vulnerable to hurricanes, which have historically caused significant damage. Yet, the Keys’ coral reefs, the only living coral barrier reef in the U.S., attract divers from all over the world to explore its colorful marine life.

9

Appalachian Fog

Image: Rachel Davis

The Appalachian Mountains have a temperate climate with heavy rainfall, often shrouded in fog, especially in the Great Smoky Mountains. But the iconic fog of this region isn’t just moisture; it’s actually caused by volatile organic compounds released by the dense forests. These compounds then mix with moisture and sunlight, creating the characteristic blue-tinged haze that gives the Smokies their name.

This consistent moisture also supports the rich biodiversity of the region. The thick forests, often cloaked in mist, provide an ideal environment for countless plant and animal species, making it one of North America's most ecologically diverse areas.

10

New England Winters

Image: Robert Thiemann

New England’s cold, snowy winters have been immortalized in literature and art, and it’s no wonder—states like Maine and Vermont regularly see seasonal snowfalls exceeding 100 inches!

Blizzards and nor’easters are common, with storms bringing fierce winds and heavy snow, sometimes leaving towns isolated for days. The region’s long winters are perfect for skiing, and it is home to some of the oldest ski resorts in America, such as Stowe in Vermont.

1

Ray Bradbury

Image: Rod Long

Perhaps the most emblematic name in American science fiction, Ray Bradbury was an author and screenwriter best known for his novel Fahrenheit 451 , and his short story collections The Martian Chronicles , and The Illustrated Man .

His works not only imagine what extraterrestrial colonies might be like but also explore how such experiences would affect humans on a deeply personal level. His prose is both poetic and informative, making it accessible to both young and adult readers alike.

2

Philip K. Dick

Image: Filip Filkovic Philatz

If you’ve ever seen the movie Blade Runner or the TV series The Man in the High Castle , then you’ve been exposed to the work of Philip K. Dick. This prolific novelist wrote numerous novels and short stories that explore philosophical and social questions such as the nature of reality, human nature, and characters struggling against illusory environments, monopolistic corporations, and authoritarian governments.

His novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? was the basis for Blade Runner and his works have earned him countless awards all over the world.

3

William Gibson

Image: Brian McGowan

The creator of the now-ubiquitous term "cyberspace," William Gibson was a speculative fiction writer whose works explore the effects of technology, cybernetics, and computer networks on humans (fans of Black Mirror will likely find this author to their liking).

His first novel, Neuromancer , was credited with revitalizing science fiction literature in the 1980s, and he was described in 1999 as "probably the most important novelist of the past two decades.

4

L. Ron Hubbard

Image: Luna Wang

"While he is now more famous for founding Scientology, L. Ron Hubbard was a genuine science fiction writer who authored works such as Battlefield Earth, To the Stars, Buckskin Brigades, and Death’s Deputy , among other titles.

Hubbard was quite a prolific pulp science fiction and fantasy writer in his early career and, in 1950, he published Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health , establishing organizations to promote and practice Dianetics techniques.

5

Theodore Sturgeon

Image: Rod Long

A critic turned writer, Theodore Sturgeon wrote over 120 short stories, 11 novels, and even a handful of scripts for the original Star Trek television series. His first science fiction novel, More Than Human , won the 1954 International Fantasy Award for that year's best novel.

Though he was not as well known to the general public as contemporaries like Isaac Asimov or Ray Bradbury, Sturgeon gained recognition among readers of mid-20th-century science fiction anthologies. At the height of his popularity in the 1950s, he was the most anthologized English-language author alive.

6

Alfred Bester

Image: Steve Johnson

One of the few writers credited with inventing modern science fiction, according to one of his colleagues, Alfred Bester was an author, TV, radio, and comics scriptwriter, and magazine editor. His novel, The Demolished Man , was the first winner of the Hugo Awards in 1953.

While working as a scriptwriter for DC Comics, he created the supervillain Solomon Grundy and also wrote extensively for television, magazines, and radio.

7

H. P. Lovecraft

Image: Alejandro Piñero Amerio

An author whose work is as famous in the science fiction genre as it is in horror, H. P. Lovecraft was a writer of science fiction, fantasy, horror fiction, and a mixture of all these genres. His most notable work is the Cthulhu Mythos .

Some of his more popular works include The Call of Cthulhu, At the Mountains of Madness, The Shadow over Innsmouth , and The Shadow Out of Time . The central theme of his books is cosmicism, a theory dictating that "there is no recognizable divine presence, such as a god, in the universe, and that humans are particularly insignificant in the larger scheme of intergalactic existence."

8

Frank Herbert

Image: Pierre Bamin

Franklin Patrick Herbert Jr. is best known for writing the best-selling science fiction novel of all time, 1965's Dune , along with its five sequels. He also wrote short stories and worked as a newspaper journalist, photographer, book reviewer, ecological consultant, and lecturer.

His famous saga, set in the distant future and spanning millennia, explores complex themes, such as the long-term survival of the human species, human evolution, planetary science and ecology, and the intersection of religion, politics, economics, sex, and power in a future where humanity has long since developed interstellar travel and colonized thousands of worlds.

9

Ursula K. Le Guin

Image: Karsten Klemme

With a literary career spanning nearly sixty years, Ursula Kroeber Le Guin is another legendary name on this list. She is best known for her works of speculative fiction, including science fiction works set in her Hainish universe and the Earthsea fantasy series.

Frequently described as a science fiction author, Le Guin has also been called a "major voice in American letters," though she once said she would prefer to be known as an "American novelist."

10

Orson Scott Card

Image: Greg Rakozy

The only person to have won a Hugo Award and a Nebula Award in consecutive years, both for his novel Ender’s Game , and its sequel, Speaker for the Dead , Orson Scott Card is a science fiction writer who often features characters with exceptional gifts who make difficult choices with high stakes. Since 1979, he has published over 50 novels and 45 short stories.

During his childhood, Card read children's classics and popular novels, his favorite book being Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper . He often refers to works by Robert A. Heinlein and J. R. R. Tolkien as sources of inspiration.

1

Northern frontier

Image: UC Berkeley, Department of Geography

Location: Point Barrow, AK

Point Barrow, the northernmost point in the U.S., was first explored by Europeans in 1826. Sitting at 71°23′N, it endures long, brutal winters with near-constant darkness.

Winter temperatures drop below -50°F, and the sea remains frozen for much of the year. Despite the conditions, native Iñupiat communities have thrived here for centuries. Today, it remains a key site for Arctic research.

2

Lowest land

Image: Karsten Winegeart

Location: Badwater Basin, CA

First documented in the mid-1800s, Badwater Basin in Death Valley is the lowest point in North America at 282 feet below sea level. It was named after a surveyor’s horse that refused to drink the salty water.

The basin’s extreme location means temperatures here frequently top 130°F in summer. Salt flats stretch for miles, remnants of an ancient lake that dried up thousands of years ago.

3

Hottest spot

Image: Pablo García Saldaña

Location: Furnace Creek, CA

On July 10, 1913, Furnace Creek recorded 134°F, the highest temperature ever measured on Earth. This Death Valley outpost still holds the title for the hottest inhabited place in the U.S.

Despite the heat, Furnace Creek has a permanent population and even a golf course, making it one of the strangest places where people manage to live. The area’s extreme conditions attract researchers studying heat endurance.

4

Coldest cold

Location: Prospect Creek, AK

Alaska’s Prospect Creek hit -80°F in 1971, the lowest temperature ever recorded in the U.S. Originally an outpost for pipeline workers, it’s now abandoned due to its brutal winters.

At this temperature, exposed skin can freeze in seconds, and vehicles must run continuously to avoid freezing. The area sees only a few hours of daylight in winter, making survival nearly impossible without proper equipment.

5

Windiest place

Image: Dan Meyers

Location: Mount Washington, NH

Mount Washington holds the record for the fastest surface wind speed ever recorded outside a tornado: 231 mph, measured in 1934. This New Hampshire peak is notorious for its deadly weather.

Though just 6,288 feet tall, its location at the convergence of several storm systems makes it feel like the roof of the world. Hikers often face hurricane-force winds, whiteouts, and below-zero temperatures even in summer.

6

Wettest town

Image: Martin Zangerl

Location: Kukui, HI

Kukui, on the Hawaiian island of Kauai, receives an average of 460 inches of rain annually. In 1982, it saw a staggering 683 inches, making it one of the wettest places on Earth.

The rain feeds lush tropical forests and countless waterfalls, but the steep terrain means flash floods are a constant danger. Despite its beauty, the relentless downpours make long-term settlement nearly impossible.

7

Deepest cave

Image: Joshua Sortino

Location: Lechuguilla Cave, NM

Discovered in 1986, Lechuguilla Cave is the deepest in the U.S., plunging 1,604 feet below New Mexico’s surface. It remained hidden for centuries due to its small, concealed entrance.

Its vast chambers contain formations found nowhere else on Earth, including giant gypsum chandeliers. Access is restricted to scientists, as the cave’s unique ecosystem is still being studied.

8

Largest volcano

Image: Sherry Jiang

Location: Mauna Loa, HI

Mauna Loa is the world’s largest volcano, covering half of Hawaii’s Big Island. It last erupted in 2022, continuing a pattern of activity dating back over 700,000 years.

Rising 33,500 feet from the ocean floor, Mauna Loa dwarfs even Everest when measured from base to peak. Its slow-moving lava flows have repeatedly reshaped the island’s landscape.

9

Deepest lake

Image: Jeff Hopper

Location: Crater Lake, OR

Formed by a collapsed volcano 7,700 years ago, Crater Lake is the deepest in the U.S. at 1,949 feet. Its intense blue waters come from rain and snowmelt, with no rivers flowing in or out.

The lake’s purity allows sunlight to penetrate to great depths, creating an otherworldly glow. Among its many wonders, the submerged "Old Man of the Lake," a floating log, has been drifting in its waters for over a century.

10

Most remote

Image: Harrison Hargrave

Location: Yellowstone Thorofare, WY

The Yellowstone Thorofare, 32 miles from the nearest road, is the most remote place in the Lower 48. It remains nearly unchanged since its first mapping in the 19th century.

Even experienced hikers struggle here, as grizzly bears, sudden storms, and subzero temperatures make survival difficult. This untouched wilderness offers a rare glimpse of what America once was.