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12. Portuguese

Image: Etienne Girardet

Today, there are over 845,000 Portuguese speakers in the United States, making it the 12th most spoken language after English.

The Portuguese-speaking community is composed of immigrants from both Portugal and Brazil. Since the 1960s, many Portuguese immigrants have settled along the coast of Massachusetts, where they could continue their traditional fishing activities. Besides Massachusetts, Portuguese is most commonly spoken in Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Utah.

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11. Hindi

Image: Rohan Solankurkar

Hindi is the most widely spoken Indian language in the United States, with more than 890,000 people speaking it . Hindi belongs to the Indo-European language family and has been included on the U.S. State Department's list of critical languages due to strategic commercial interests in South Asia.

Hindi-speaking Indians began immigrating to North America in the early 19th century. The community has primarily settled in large cities such as New York City, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Chicago.

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10. Russian

Image: Tessakay

There are currently almost 950,000 Russian speakers in the United States. Did you know that Russian is one of the two official languages aboard the International Space Station? NASA astronauts typically take Russian language courses to communicate with their Russian counterparts.

Another well-known Russian-speaking community is in New York's Brighton Beach neighborhood, often referred to as "Little Odessa." Cultural events, festivals, and markets featuring traditional Russian foods, music, and crafts are common sights here. Los Angeles is another city where Russian is regularly used.

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9. Korean

Image: 昆 阿

Over the past few decades, the number of Korean speakers in the United States has grown significantly, with nearly 1,100,000 people now speaking Korean .

Los Angeles is home to the largest Koreatown in the country, and many residents in other major cities speak Korean at home, helping to maintain and promote the heritage of this Asian culture in the United States.

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8. Arabic

Image: Rawan Yasser

With more than 1.2 million speakers, Arabic is the eighth most spoken language in our country.

Arabic is spoken in immigrant communities from countries such as Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. These communities are most prominent in states like California, New York, and Michigan, where Arabic is commonly heard in homes and community centers.

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7. German

Image: FotosFuerBlogger

German is widely spoken in states with high populations of German ancestry, such as Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Texas. When including Yiddish, Pennsylvania Dutch, and other West Germanic languages, there are over 1,450,000 German speakers in the United States.

Cities like Fredericksburg and New Braunfels, Texas, were founded by German immigrants and continue to celebrate their heritage with festivals such as Oktoberfest. In Pennsylvania, a large number of Pennsylvania Dutch speakers—predominantly among the Amish and Mennonite communities—speak this German dialect, which is not, as one might expect, Dutch.

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6. Vietnamese

Image: Huynh Van

The number of Vietnamese speakers in the United States is similar to that of the previous language on this list, with more than 1.5 million people speaking the language of this Southeast Asian country.

In recent decades, the number of Vietnamese immigrants has been increasing exponentially. Most have settled in California, followed by Texas, Florida, Washington, and Georgia.

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5. Tagalog

Image: Emmanuel Nicolas Jr.

Despite being the fifth most spoken language in the United States, Tagalog is often overlooked. For those who have never heard of it, Tagalog is one of the official languages of the Philippines.

A significant number of Filipino immigrants have settled in the United States since the early 19th century. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, there are currently more than 1.7 million Tagalog speakers . Thirty-eight percent of Filipinos in the United States live in California, with relatively large concentrations also in Hawaii and Texas.

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4. French

Image: Erik Mclean

If we include Patois, Cajun, Haitian, and Louisiana Creole—a hybrid of French and various African languages—French is the fourth most widely spoken language in the United States.

The French influence, which dates back to the 17th century, is evident in a wide variety of American English words and phrases. Today, there are nearly 2.1 million French speakers in the country.

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3. Chinese

Image: 五玄土 ORIENTO

The Chinese language, including its different variants such as Mandarin, Cantonese, and Hokkien, contributes significantly to the cultural diversity of the United States. Although the gap between the second and third most spoken languages in the country is considerable, the number of people who speak Chinese is still representative.

With approximately 3.5 million Chinese speakers across the country, the greatest influence of this culture can be found in states with the highest concentrations of Chinese immigrants, such as New York and California.

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2. Spanish

Image: Leeloo The First

Spanish is the second most spoken language in the United States and one of the fastest-growing languages in the country. This is no surprise, as approximately 19% of the total population is of Hispanic origin.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, more than 40 million people speak Spanish in addition to English in the United States. Hispanic communities are found throughout the nation, with the largest concentrations in California, Texas, Florida, and New York.

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1. English

Image: Wilhelm Gunkel

Although it is not surprising that English is the most widely spoken language in the United States, it is still not recognized as an official language. However, more than half of the 50 states have passed laws granting it official language status.

English speakers make up a large percentage of the U.S. population, with approximately 78 percent speaking only English . American English is also incredibly rich, composed of dozens of regional dialects with distinct grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.

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A mountaintop with a maintenance plan

Image: Sebastian Enriqu

Each year, around two million visitors make their way to see the monument. But keeping the presidential faces looking sharp takes serious work. Park Service staff actually rappel down the mountain to inspect for cracks. They use silicone sealant to block out moisture and keep the granite from breaking apart in the cold. This isn’t a quick job, it’s a regular, careful operation. The mountain's top sits 5,725 feet above sea level, so it’s not for the faint of heart.

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One historian’s tourism dream

Image: Engin Yapici

Back in 1923, South Dakota historian Doane Robinson had an idea to attract visitors to the Black Hills. Now, what was his original plan? Carve Western legends like Buffalo Bill and Native American leaders into the rock. The vision then shifted to feature US presidents for broader national appeal.

President Calvin Coolidge helped land the funding, even during tough economic times. The carving began in 1927 and stretched on until 1941. Sculptor Gutzon Borglum died before finishing, and his son Lincoln carried the torch to completion.

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Four presidents, four chapters

Image: Jeromey Balderrama

Each face on the mountain stands for a key period in our nation’s story. Can you imagine what they are?

Washington symbolizes the birth of the country, while Jefferson represents growth and expansion. Lincoln stands for unity and the preservation of the nation during the Civil War. Roosevelt brought development and the rise of the US on the world stage. Together, they tell a chronological story in stone. The idea was to highlight leadership through the ages, not just popular figures.

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A presidential switch

Image: Andrew Ling

Originally, Thomas Jefferson was supposed to be on Washington’s left. But during the carving, the rock proved too unstable. So they scrapped the partially finished face and started over, this time on the right side.

It was a major do-over that cost time and money, a lot of it! But ultimately, it worked out for the best, structurally speaking. Today, most visitors never realize Jefferson had a false start.

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Dynamite and a dream

Image: Takefreebies

It’s easy to forget that Mount Rushmore wasn’t sculpted with tiny chisels: It was blasted into shape. Most of the work was done with dynamite, followed by finer detailing with jackhammers and drills.

From 1927 to 1941, about 400 workers shaped the mountain. Amazingly, no lives were lost during the entire project. Many of the workers were former miners, used to rough terrain and heavy tools. It wasn’t easy, but it was efficient.

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The presidents were supposed to have torsos

Image: Thomas Fields

The original vision for the monument wasn’t just heads, it included bodies from the waist up! Imagine that! Like many grand ideas, it ran into budget troubles. Funding dried up, and with time running out, the project was scaled back.

What we see today is actually an unfinished version of Borglum’s full plan. Still, the heads alone have become iconic. Imagine how much more impressive it would’ve been with shoulders and coats.

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Secrets behind Lincoln’s head

Image: Rosanne Rapata

There’s a hidden room carved into the mountain, did you know that? Called the Hall of Records, it was Borglum’s idea to store important American documents and artifacts.

While the grand plans for a museum inside the mountain were never fully realized, a titanium vault was placed there. It contains copies of key US documents, including the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. Located behind Lincoln’s head, it’s not open to the public. Still, it adds an air of mystery to the site. It makes you wanna visit, right?

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Step off the beaten path

Image: Nils Huenerfuerst

Most visitors snap their photos from the Grand View Terrace, and it’s lovely. But for those willing to take a short walk, the President’s Trail offers even better views.

This loop takes you closer to the monument and into nature. You might spot local wildlife like mountain goats or deer along the way. The trail includes about 422 stairs, so make sure you’re wearing comfy shoes. It’s a quieter, more personal way to experience the monument.

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Entablature

Image: Tommy Bond

Gutzon Borglum didn’t just want Mount Rushmore to be a visual tribute, he wanted it to tell the story of America, too. His idea was to chisel a brief summary history, covering events from 1776 to 1906, right into the rock face.

This massive engraving, called "Entablature," was to be etched into an 80-by-120-foot depiction of the Louisiana Purchase. President Calvin Coolidge even agreed to write it, but when Borglum edited Coolidge’s draft without permission, the president was so annoyed he refused to try again. Despite the grand vision, the project was eventually scrapped, partly because the lettering wouldn’t have been visible from a distance, and partly because the budget ran dry.

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Don’t expect a fifth face anytime soon

Image: Ronda Darby

Over the years, people have suggested adding more figures to the mountain. Names like Susan B. Anthony, FDR, JFK, Reagan, Obama, and Trump have all come up. But the National Park Service has said a firm "no." Structurally, there’s just no safe place to add another carving. Plus, the monument is considered complete in its message. So, while the debate pops up now and then, don’t hold your breath. The original four are here to stay.

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A change in plans

Image: Alexey Komissarov

Can a color be a worldwide celebrity? It seems so! This is the case of the famous "international orange" of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California.

It's hard to imagine this iconic bridge in any other color. But believe it or not, it was once about to be painted in another hue.

The original idea was to paint the Golden Gate Bridge black with yellow stripes to make it visible to ships and planes. However, the sharp vision of consulting architect Irving Morrow changed the plans. When he saw the reddish color of the primer used on the iron, he realized that this color would work much better and would also give the imposing structure an original touch.

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Too good to be true?

Image: Hana Oliver

We all know that incredible creatures and breathtaking landscapes await us in Yellowstone. You probably also know that this amazing area that covers more than 3,400 square miles in parts of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho was the first national park in the United States. Not only that, it was actually the first national park in the entire world!

But, while it's totally famous and celebrated today, there was a time when only a few knew about this place. Early explorers who walked Yellowstone in the 19th century wrote detailed journals about what they saw and experienced there, but when they returned, they found that people didn't believe their stories. We have to admit that those skeptics had a point; such a beautiful place seems out of this world!

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Capitol's subway

Image: Louis Velazquez

Nobody can deny the metro system is great. Its speed and efficiency allow thousands of people around the world to get to their homes and jobs every day. Did you know that the members of the U.S. Congress have their own subway system right underneath the Capitol building?

That's right! Under the impressive structure that houses U.S. Representatives and Senators lies an entire subway system. This allows workers there to access different parts of the complex in a matter of seconds. It must make things easier on busy days, don't you think?

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The final detail

Image: MIKE STOLL

But not all of the Capitol's surprises are underground; some are in plain sight. We're talking about the spectacular dome that crowns the famous neoclassical building in Washington, D.C. While the dome is a symbol of our country today, there was a time when the Capitol Building didn't have this gracious final detail.

The construction was considered completed in 1800. However, one last touch was still needed. In 1824, the first and smaller dome arrived, made of wood. Finally, it was replaced in 1866 by the impressive dome we see today, which stands an incredible 288 feet high and is made of cast iron, brick, stone, and copper.

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A misspelling?

Image: Dan Mall

The Liberty Bell must be one of the most recognized icons of the United States. Preserved as a symbol of our Independence, everyone can visit the famous bell at the Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

In addition to its well-known history and its famous "crack," this bell has even more hidden details to discover. When you read the inscription on the Liberty Bell, you'll be able to read "Pensylvania" instead of "Pennsylvania." While you could think that those in charge of inscribing the bell weren't paying attention, it wasn't actually a misspelling; it was one of the accepted spellings for Pennsylvania in those days.

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Hollywood(land)

Image: Justin Aikin

Whether in person or through the screen, we all had the chance to see the legendary Hollywood sign over Mount Lee in Los Angeles, California.

But, while this landmark is recognized around the world today, it didn't always look as we see it now. The Hollywood sign had several changes throughout its history. It was first erected in 1923 as an advertisement for a real estate development. At the time, it read "Hollywoodland" and even had lights, illuminating the entire area at night.

Many things happened in our country before 1949, when the last four letters were removed, leaving just the current "Hollywood."

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Good things take time

Image: Jeromey Balderrama

As we grow older, we understand one truth: good things often take time. While patience seems to be in short supply these days, it was certainly in abundance for those who built the impressive Mount Rushmore National Memorial, one of our most famous attractions.

The construction of this imposing monument that features the faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln began in 1927 and took 14 years to complete. Carving four 60-foot-tall heads on a granite hill is no easy task. But, on top of that, some budget difficulties slowed down the process even more.

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Mount Rushmore's secret door

Image: John Bakator

Mount Rushmore National Memorial has more secrets to disclose! Although not visible to the naked eye, there is a particular detail among the heads of Washington, Jefferson, Roosevelt, and Lincoln. Want to know what it is?

If you haven't heard about it, this might surprise you: there is a small door right there on Mount Rushmore. Mysteries everywhere! The door leads to a chamber known as the "Hall of Records." According to the plans of sculptor Gutzon Borglum, this spot would hold important documents and objects of our history.

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Time capsule

Image: Mark Serafino

Besides being the tallest human-made monument in the United States and also the tallest arch in the world, the famous Gateway Arch in St Louis has much more to offer.

During its construction in the 1960s, a curious detail was placed inside its iconic metal structure. At the base of the monument, you can find nothing less than a time capsule!

The capsule, which contains various artifacts and relics from our country's history and culture, was thought to give future generations an idea of what the world and the United States were like in those days.

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19th-century graffiti

Image: Dineda Nyepan

At 555 feet tall, the Washington Monument is one of the most imposing in our country. But besides its height, this landmark also possesses a couple of surprising facts.

It might seem that graffiti is a modern artistic expression that has only been around recently, but this isn't the case, and the Washington Monument is proof of that. At the structure's base, there is a series of graffiti made in the 19th century, during the Civil War.

That's right! Many people and soldiers passing by at the time left signatures, dates, and patriotic messages inscribed on the famous obelisk, and some of them are still visible!