General General 3 min read

Movie anthems

These movie songs became more famous than the films themselves

Image: defotoberg

Some songs and their movies get so tangled up together that you can't hear one without picturing the other . Play "I Will Always Love You," and Whitney Houston's voice instantly brings up scenes from The Bodyguard. Same with "My Heart Will Go On" : that flute intro alone puts you right back on the deck of the Titanic. Here are ten more pairings that never let each other go.

1
"I Will Always Love You" – The Bodyguard (1992)

Image: Jeppe Gustafsson

Dolly Parton wrote this one back in 1973, but Whitney Houston's version, recorded for the film, became something else entirely. That a cappella opening gives people chills to this day.

Audiences in 1992 were floored: it topped charts for 14 weeks straight . It's become the go-to karaoke showstopper, and many wedding singers still attempt (and usually fail) that final high note.

2
"My Heart Will Go On" – Titanic (1997)

Image: D. Ribeiro

James Horner and Will Jennings wrote this for Celine Dion, and it perfectly captured the film's heartbreak and grandeur. That soaring melody still gives people goosebumps.

It won the Oscar and became inescapable on the radio throughout 1998 . It's been parodied endlessly, including on "Family Guy," proof that some songs become cultural shorthand for pure sentimentality.

3
"Eye of the Tiger" – Rocky III (1982)

Image: Bryan Littel

Believe it or not, Stallone originally wanted Queen's "Another One Bites the Dust" for the training montage, but he couldn't secure the rights. So Survivor stepped in, writing this pounding anthem specifically for the film instead . That driving guitar riff instantly pumps you up, like you're ready to run stairs yourself.

It's become the ultimate gym anthem and sports-hype song decades later, still blasting at boxing matches and wrestling events.

4
"Unchained Melody" – Ghost (1990)

Image: Oleggg

Alex North and Hy Zaret wrote this back in 1954, but The Righteous Brothers' version of 1965 found new life in that pottery wheel scene. It stirs up longing and tenderness instantly.

With the release of Ghost , the song shot back up the charts in 1990, decades after its release. That scene remains one of the most parodied romantic moments in film history, referenced constantly in sitcoms .

5
"Stayin' Alive" – Saturday Night Fever (1977)

Image: Erman Gunes

The Bee Gees wrote this disco anthem, and John Travolta's strut set to it became iconic. It radiates confidence and swagger like nothing else from that era.

It defined the disco movement and continues to fill dance floors today . Oddly enough, its steady beat is now used to teach CPR timing, proof that this song truly refuses to die.

6
"Somewhere Over the Rainbow" – The Wizard of Oz (1939)

Image: Snap Spot

Harold Arlen and Yip Harburg wrote this for Judy Garland, and it became a symbol of hope and childhood wonder. That yearning melody still brings tears decades later.

It won the Oscar in 1940 and has been covered countless times since , notably by Israel Kamakawiwo'ole. It remains a staple at funerals and graduations alike, capturing bittersweet optimism.

7
"Flashdance... What a Feeling" – Flashdance (1983)

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Giorgio Moroder, Keith Forsey, and Irene Cara wrote this, with Cara herself performing it. It bursts with ambition and defiant energy, matching that famous water-chair dance scene.

It hit number one and won the Oscar in 1984. That dance sequence remains endlessly referenced and parodied , from award shows to commercials, whenever someone wants to evoke pure 80s determination.

8
"The Time of My Life" – Dirty Dancing (1987)

Image: Erman Gunes

Franke Previte, John DeNicola, and Donald Markowitz wrote this for Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes. It captures pure joy and liberation, especially during that legendary final lift.

It won the Oscar for Best Original Song in 1988. That lift scene is now shorthand for triumphant romance everywhere , endlessly recreated at weddings, in commercials, and on dance competition shows.

9
"Up Where We Belong" – An Officer and a Gentleman (1982)

Image: a katz

Buffy Sainte-Marie, Jack Nitzsche, and Will Jennings wrote this soaring duet for Joe Cocker and Jennifer Warnes. It radiates triumphant, hard-earned romance, matching that carried-out-of-the-factory ending perfectly.

It won the Oscar in 1983 and topped charts nationwide. That final embrace remains one of cinema's most imitated romantic endings , still referenced whenever a scene needs pure swoon-worthy payoff.

10
"Take My Breath Away" – Top Gun (1986)

Image: Miguel Lagoa

Giorgio Moroder and Tom Whitlock wrote this dreamy ballad, performed by Berlin, for that famous slow-motion romantic scene. It evokes yearning, tension, and 80s glamour all at once.

It won the Oscar and became an instant radio staple . Decades later, it remains synonymous with sultry romantic tension, still used in commercials whenever advertisers want an instant nostalgic mood.

History History 7 min read

America's most famous names

Bill Clinton wasn't born Bill Clinton—and that's just the start

Image: Cecil W. Stoughton, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

What if we told you that Bill Clinton wasn't born "Bill Clinton"? Or that Harry S. Truman's famous middle initial didn't actually stand for anything? And would you believe Lyndon B. Johnson went three months without a name? We've known about America's presidents our entire lives, so it's easy to assume there's nothing left to learn about them. But behind some of the most familiar names in U.S. history are stories stranger than fiction. From accidental initials that lasted a lifetime to surnames that changed completely, here are 10 surprising stories behind the names of American presidents.

1
Bill Clinton

Image: National Archives and Records Administration, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Have you heard of Bill Blythe? Probably not, but you definitely know who he is: Bill Clinton, the 42nd president of the United States.

Born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946, in Hope, Arkansas, Clinton never knew his biological father, who passed away in a car accident three months before he was born. His mother, Virginia Cassidy Blythe, later married Roger Clinton Sr. At 15 years old, Bill chose to take the surname Clinton, adopting the name of the man who had raised him .

2
Lyndon B. Johnson

Image: Arnold Newman, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Have you ever heard of a baby who went three months without a name ? As unusual as it sounds, one US president began life exactly that way.

The future Lyndon B. Johnson was born on August 27, 1908, near Stonewall, Texas. But instead of naming their newborn son, his parents found themselves in a standoff. According to historical records from the Miller Center at the University of Virginia, his mother, Rebekah Baines Johnson, wanted to name him Clarence, while his father, Sam Ealy Johnson, wanted the baby named after himself. Unable to agree, they left him officially unnamed, and for the first three months of his life, he was simply "Baby Boy Johnson." The deadlock finally ended when his mother gave in, and the future president was named Lyndon Baines Johnson , honoring Lyndon Baines, a family friend admired by his father.

3
Ulysses S. Grant

Image: Brady-Handy Photograph Collection, Library of Congress, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The 18th president of the United States wasn't born with the name we all know. He was born on April 27, 1822, in Point Pleasant, Ohio, as Hiram Ulysses Grant. So where did the famous "S." come from?

The answer is a paperwork mistake. In 1839, Ohio Congressman Thomas Hamer nominated the 17-year-old Grant to the US Military Academy at West Point. Knowing the young man went by Ulysses and that his mother's maiden name was Simpson, Hamer accidentally wrote "Ulysses S. Grant" on the nomination. Grant considered correcting the error, but eventually gave up, for two main reasons. He disliked the initials of his birth name, "H.U.G.", so the mistake didn't bother him much. In addition, fixing it would have meant a mountain of paperwork that could have jeopardized his appointment to West Point. So he simply let the new name stand, and the accidental middle initial stayed with him for the rest of his life.

4
Harry S. Truman

Image: Harris & Ewing, photographer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Harry S. Truman may have one of the strangest stories on this list.

His first name, Harry, honored his maternal uncle, Harrison "Harry" Young. His middle initial, however, didn't actually stand for anything. Truman's parents chose the "S" to honor both of his grandfathers, Anderson Shipp Truman and Solomon Young, without choosing one name over the other. In other words, the "S" wasn't short for Shipp or Solomon; it was simply "S". Truman himself usually wrote it without a period, since it wasn't an abbreviation. But after he became president, his staff encouraged him to add the period in official correspondence because it looked more conventional. That's why today he's almost always remembered as Harry S. Truman.

5
Dwight D. Eisenhower

Image: National Archives at College Park, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

President Dwight D. Eisenhower is remembered for leading the nation through the Cold War and signing the Civil Rights Act of 1957. But there's one surprising detail about him that most people never hear.

The man we know as Dwight Eisenhower was actually born David Dwight Eisenhower on October 14, 1890, in Denison, Texas. Named after his father, David Jacob Eisenhower, he quickly ended up with a problem: there were now two Davids in the same household. To avoid the confusion, his mother, Ida, simply began calling her son Dwight instead. He went by his middle name as if it were his first for years, but the change didn't become official until he applied to West Point at age 20. Wanting his official records to match the name everyone already knew him by, he registered as Dwight David Eisenhower and made the switch permanent.

6
Gerald R. Ford

Image: Thomas J. O'Halloran, photographer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

On July 14, 1913, a baby boy named Leslie Lynch King Jr. was born in Omaha, Nebraska, and 61 years later, he became the 38th president of the United States. If the name doesn't sound familiar, there's a good reason: he entered the White House under a completely different name.

Leslie Lynch King Jr. was named after his father. However, just 16 days after his birth, his mother, Dorothy, fled the marriage with her infant son to escape her abusive husband. Three years later, she divorced King and married Gerald Rudolph Ford, a paint salesman who raised the boy as his own. From then on, everyone knew him as Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. , even though he didn't legally change his name until December 3, 1935, when he was 22 years old.

7
Ronald Reagan

Image: Michael Evans, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Have you ever heard of "Dutch" Reagan? Perhaps not, but that was in fact the childhood nickname of Ronald Reagan, the 40th president of the United States.

Born as Ronald Wilson Reagan on February 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois, Reagan got his nickname from his father, who thought his newborn son looked like a "fat little Dutchman." The moniker stuck almost immediately. As a boy, Reagan embraced it so completely that, according to his autobiographies and records at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, he disliked being called Ronald and insisted everyone call him Dutch instead. That changed only after he arrived in Hollywood in the late 1930s, when studio executives convinced him that "Dutch Reagan" wasn't exactly leading-man material.

8
Jimmy Carter

Image: White House, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Born James Earl Carter Jr. on October 1, 1924, in Plains, Georgia, and named after his father, the future president had been called "Jimmy" almost from the day he was born.

Over the years, the nickname became the name he truly identified with. So when he took the presidential oath in 1977, Carter broke with tradition. Instead of using his formal first name like all the presidents, he was sworn in as Jimmy Carter, becoming the first (and still the only) US president to take the oath of office using a nickname rather than his legal name.

9
John Quincy Adams

Image: National Museum of American History, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The second president of the United States, John Adams, is one of the best-known Founding Fathers. His name is instantly recognizable to most Americans, and that's exactly why his son made an important decision about what he would be called.

John Quincy Adams was born on July 11, 1767, in the North Precinct of Braintree, Massachusetts, an area that was officially renamed Quincy in 1792. The nation's sixth president and the first son of a president to become president himself carried a name with a story. He was named not only after his father, but also after his maternal great-grandfather, Colonel John Quincy, who was gravely ill when the baby was born. Although Quincy was originally a family surname, it became the baby’s middle name. As an adult, he embraced all three names, John Quincy Adams, helping distinguish himself from his famous father while honoring both sides of his family.

10
Grover Cleveland

Image: National Archives at College Park, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Most people have never heard of Stephen Cleveland, but mention Grover Cleveland, and they'll know exactly who you're talking about. The thing is, they're the same person.

Born on March 18, 1837, in Caldwell, New Jersey, the future 22nd and 24th president of the United States was actually named Stephen Grover Cleveland. His father, a Presbyterian minister, chose the name to honor Reverend Stephen Grover, the first pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Caldwell, where he was serving at the time. As he grew older, however, Cleveland made an unusual choice: instead of going by his first name, Stephen, he adopted his middle name because he simply liked the sound of "Grover Cleveland" better.

Geography Geography 6 min read

Sub-America

Did you know there are hidden underground cities in the US?

Image: Harrison Haines

Some cities are so top secret they can’t even be found on a map. Subterranean cities have existed throughout human history, and in the United States, we have a few amazing examples. Some are bunkers built during the Cold War to survive nuclear attacks, others were born as ingenious alternatives to escape extreme weather conditions. Whether they are hidden inside a mountain or buried deep underground, here are 12 subterranean places in America that are hidden in plain sight.

1
Raven Rock Mountain Complex

Image: Ilagam

Did you know that in the 1950s, the US government carved out a secret underground city that could survive a nuclear attack? It’s called an "underground Pentagon", and very much like Area 51, it is one of the government's most classified projects.

This military complex and nuclear bunker is located near Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania, 768 feet below the ground. It’s protected by 23.5 ft thick 30-ton doors built on top of springs to survive the shock from a blast. Raven Rock has five buildings with 15 floors big enough to live and work. The base has everything it needs to keep running, like a cafeteria, a barbershop, water generators, and even a medical center.

2
SubTropolis

Image: mwewering

Below Kansas City, Missouri, lies the world's largest underground business complex. SubTropolis is a structure located inside a mine north of the Missouri River. It was carved out of limestone some 135 to 185 feet underground and covers a total of 55 million square feet.

Kansas City Chiefs founder Lamar Hunt built this subterranean city in the 1960s. It has offices, storage space, and even factories. Over 1,600 people work here every day, largely because SubTropolis remains cool all year, making it an ideal location for businesses. Fun fact: some of Hollywood’s most beloved masterpieces are kept here, including the original film reels of Gone with the Wind and The Wizard of Oz.

3
Underground Atlanta

Image: Ronny Sison

Underground Atlanta is a historic spot in downtown Atlanta, Georgia. It was built in the late 1800s, right after the Civil War, as a commercial district centered around the railroad. In the 1920s, viaducts were built and the streets were raised, creating a second level of streets, buildings, and shops.

During Prohibition, the abandoned underground space served as the best spot for speakeasies and juke joints. For decades, people forgot about the hidden city, but in the 1960s, it was brought back to life as a fun place for music bars and nightlife.

4
New York City Subterranean World

Image: Photographer: unknown, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Under America’s most populous city, there's a whole hidden world. For example, beneath Little Italy and the Public Library, there are secret vaults. Beyond the subway millions of people use daily, there is City Hall station, opened in 1904 and closed in 1945. It's a hidden gem with stained glass and mosaics that you can still visit by staying on the 6 train past the last stop.

But that’s not all! There are trading tunnels in SoHo and old cattle tunnels in the Meatpacking District. Also, in 1897, there were mail tubes built around the city to send letters between post offices that operated until the 1950s. Some of these underground spaces go as deep as 800 feet!

5
Permafrost Tunnel Research Facility

Image: Paxson Woelber

A large part of the land in the northern hemisphere is Permafrost, so it makes sense that there is a research facility specially built to study it. The Permafrost Tunnel in Alaska is the best place to learn about frozen soil that's over 40,000 years old.

The long tunnel was dug from 1963 to 1969 to study how to build and mine in frozen environments. Inside the facility, scientists study ice, ancient plants, and even bones from animals like mammoths. The tunnel shows different layers of earth, uncovering frozen ground from different time periods that help scientists anticipate what might happen as the world gets warmer.

6
The Greenbrier Bunker

Image: Alex Holzreiter

The Greenbrier Bunker in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, is a secret underground facility beneath a luxury hotel that has hosted numerous US presidents and famous guests. It was built during the Cold War to protect the US Congress in the event of a nuclear attack. The bunker was designed to house all 535 members of Congress and their staff for a long time.

This classified underground facility remained a secret until 1992, when a Washington Post article exposed it. Today, visitors can take tours to see special rooms, blast doors, and decontamination areas.

7
The Caverns

Image: jymy duhomme

Would you attend a concert underground? If you travel to Tennessee is totally possible! The Caverns, formerly known as Bluegrass Underground, is a very cool spot in Grundy County, Tennessee. Lying deep in a cave 333 feet underground, this concert venue with natural acoustics is the perfect place for live music.

People come from all over to hear a variety of performances, especially Bluegrass music. The Caverns can accommodate up to 1,200 people standing up and are equipped with state-of-the-art sound and lights. The cave's cool and quiet atmosphere makes the experience extra special!

8
Crystal City Underground

Image: Gustavo Alejandro Espinosa Reyes

Beneath the neighborhood of Crystal City, near Washington, DC, lies a network of shops, restaurants, and offices. It opened in 1976 and was designed to feel like an old shopping village with cobblestone streets and antique glass windows.

The underground space covers 150,000 square feet and connects several buildings. It's a popular spot for office workers and visitors, especially when the weather is bad. Unfortunately, in 2024, the shops closed, ending their retail era. Yet, the underground walkways and connections to the Metro remain open for pedestrians.

9
Los Angeles Prohibition Tunnels

Image: Alpha Perspective

In the 1920s, during Prohibition, people had to find ingenious ways around the restrictions on selling and consuming alcohol. That's why they built about 11 miles of underground tunnels right under Los Angeles.

Many of these subterranean sites are now closed, but you can still find a few hidden entrances around the city. You can even go on a tour to explore the tunnels and learn about their secret history.

10
Havre Beneath the Streets

Image: Đào Việt Hoàng

After a big fire in 1904 destroyed Havre’s business district in Montana, many shops moved underground. They used the old steam tunnels to stay safe from fires and bad weather. For years, the tunnels were busy with people and stores, such as saloons, drugstores, laundromats, and even a brothel. But today it is completely silent.

Fortunately, you can still visit what is left of this hidden city to see old shops and learn how people stayed safe and worked over 100 years ago. It's like going back in time!

11
Cheyenne Mountain Complex

Image: See page for author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

One of the safest places in the world is right here in America, more specifically in El Paso County, Colorado. Hidden inside a mountain, Cheyenne Mountain Complex was built in the 1960s to protect the US military from nuclear attacks.

The bunker stands under 2,000 feet of solid Granite, making it super strong and safe. It was once the command center for NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command). The complex has blast doors that weigh 25 tons each and can withstand a nuclear blast. It also has its own power, water, and food supply. People could survive there for months!

12
Forestiere Underground Gardens

Image: Levi Clancy, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

A Sicilian immigrant called Baldassare Forestiere spent 40 years digging and building a series of subterranean structures by hand in Fresno, California. Inspired by Roman catacombs and old wine cellars, he created around 65 rooms, tunnels, and courtyards to escape the hot summer sun.

The Gardens have fruit trees, grapevines, fishponds, and even a chapel. Some of the trees are more than 90 years old! Today, Forestiere Underground Gardens is a Historical Landmark you can visit if you want to discover a true underground paradise.

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