History History 5 min read

Did Frank Sinatra really act as a secret liaison between JFK and the mob?

Image: Fresnel

From cinematic prison escapes to strange personal habits, the real history of 20th-century organized crime is stranger than fiction. Figures like Al Capone, John Dillinger, and Bugsy Siegel built reputations on ruthlessness; yet, their private lives were filled with bizarre quirks, peculiar superstitions, and unbelievable historical twists. Discover 10 real gangster tales you won’t believe are true.

1
Frank Sinatra was punished by the mob over JFK

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According to reports, during the 1960 presidential election, Frank Sinatra allegedly acted as an intermediary connecting Chicago Outfit boss Sam Giancana with John F. Kennedy’s campaign. The mob believed securing votes for JFK would lead to lighter law enforcement pressure on organized crime.

When President Kennedy and Attorney General Robert Kennedy instead launched an aggressive crackdown on the Mafia, Giancana blamed Sinatra for failing to deliver on implied promises. As punishment, Giancana is said to have forced Sinatra to perform eight consecutive nights of unpaid shows at his Villa Venice nightclub in suburban Chicago to make up for the betrayal.

2
Al Capone opened one of America’s first Great Depression soup kitchens

Image: National Archives at College Park, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

In November 1930, as the Great Depression devastated the American economy, Chicago mob boss Al Capone saw an opportunity to improve his public image by opening a soup kitchen. Operating out of a storefront at 935 South State Street, Capone’s establishment served three hot meals a day (including coffee, soup, and donuts) to over 2,200 unemployed people daily.

Capone funded the operation entirely out of pocket with no government assistance, earning him a reputation among many locals as a modern Robin Hood before his tax evasion conviction.

3
Prohibition moonshiners wore "Cow Shoes" to fool the law

Image: National Photo Company Collection, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

During Prohibition, federal agents and state police tracked illegal distilleries by following human footprints through soft mud and dirt. To counter this, rural bootleggers invented "cow shoes".

These specialized footwear attachments consisted of a carved wooden block shaped like a cow’s hoof at the bottom. When moonshiners walked through the woods carrying heavy jugs of illegal liquor, they left behind tracks that looked like cattle rather than criminals.

4
John Dillinger escaped jail with a block of wood

Image: Indiana State Penitentiary, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

In March 1934, infamous bank robber John Dillinger was locked inside the Lake County Jail in Crown Point, Indiana, a facility local officials bragged was completely impossible to escape from.

Using a pocketknife, Dillinger carved a piece of wood into the shape of an automatic pistol and stained it black using razor polish. He used the wooden prop to trick a guard into opening his cell door. After taking real weapons from the jail armory, Dillinger took hostages and stole the sheriff’s personal V8 Ford to make his getaway.

5
The "Oddfather" wandered New York in pajamas for 30 years

Image: National Archives at College Park, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Vincent "Chin" Gigante, boss of New York’s powerful Genovese crime family, earned the nickname "The Oddfather" for his elaborate scheme to evade federal prosecution. Starting in the late 1960s, Gigante began wandering the streets of Greenwich Village wearing a ragged bathrobe, pajamas, and slippers while muttering incoherently to himself.

His lawyers presented him as suffering from severe dementia and schizophrenia. For nearly three decades, the performance protected him from trial. However, in 1997, federal prosecutors finally proved in court that the routine was an act, and Gigante admitted in 2003, at age 75, that his madness was fake.

6
Al Capone accidentally shot himself in the groin

Image: Miami Police Department, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Despite his reputation as a ruthless gang boss, Al Capone was surprisingly clumsy with his own weapons. In September 1928, while playing a round of golf at the Burnham Woods course near Chicago, Capone reached into his pocket to retrieve a golf ball.

His hand caught the trigger of his hidden, loaded revolver. The gun discharged, shooting Capone through the right thigh and groin. He was rushed to Saint Mary’s Hospital under the alias "Bob Hart" and spent weeks recovering from the self-inflicted wound.

7
FDR rode in Al Capone’s armored limousine?

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Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the Secret Service faced an immediate security dilemma: President Franklin D. Roosevelt needed a bulletproof vehicle for his public appearances, but federal rules prohibited spending more than $750 (or about $17,000 today) on executive automobiles.

According to legend, Treasury agents solved the problem by pulling Al Capone’s custom 1928 Cadillac Town Sedan out of impound. The car had been seized by the government following Capone’s tax evasion trial in 1931. Equipped with heavy armor plating and bulletproof glass, Capone’s former car might have safely transported President Roosevelt to Capitol Hill to deliver his famous "Day of Infamy" speech.

8
Kingpin Arnold Rothstein never drank alcohol

Image: Unknown /w New York Times, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Arnold "The Brain" Rothstein was the financial mastermind of 1920s American organized crime, famously transforming street gangs into corporate syndicates and allegedly fixing the 1919 World Series.

Despite making tens of millions of dollars importing illegal liquor during Prohibition, Rothstein was a strict teetotaler. He never drank alcohol, smoked cigarettes, or used drugs. Instead, he preferred milk, ginger ale, and club soda, maintaining that staying sober gave him a clear advantage over business rivals and gamblers.

9
Bugsy Siegel tried to fix his hairline with magic

Image: New York Police Department, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel, the mobster credited with developing the Flamingo Hotel and building modern Las Vegas, was notoriously vain. Obsessed with his good looks, Siegel loathed his nickname "Bugsy" (slang for crazy) and lived in terror of going bald.

As his hairline began to recede, Siegel turned to extreme measures. He bought expensive unproven tonics, tried home remedies involving raw eggs and olive oil, and consulted spiritualists who offered magical chants and scalp massages to restore his hair growth.

10
Mickey Cohen was a devoted dog dad and germaphobe

Image: Larry Downing, Los Angeles Times, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

West Coast mob boss Mickey Cohen ruled Los Angeles crime with an iron fist, but his personal life was defined by extreme eccentricities. Cohen was a germaphobe who washed his hands dozens of times a day and refused to touch doorknobs without a towel.

At the same time, Cohen was a passionate dog lover. He showered his pet dogs with affection, buying them silk bedding, feeding them prime cuts of meat, and hiring full-time staff to groom and walk them. When his favorite dogs fell ill, Cohen hired top veterinary specialists to tend them at his Hollywood home.

Culture Culture 6 min read

How do the most powerful blow off steam?

Which US President spent a quarter of his presidency at a ranch in Texas?

Image: Robert LeRoy Knudsen, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Running the White House is a highly demanding job, so throughout history, many presidents have found ways to relieve the pressure and stress of leading at the highest level of government. When not shaping the path of the nation, presidents have enjoyed a variety of hobbies and pastimes that provide them with leisure time to relax, unwind, and clear their minds. From golfing and swimming to reading and painting, here are 12 U.S. Presidents who found the perfect balance between pleasure and duty.

1
George Washington

Image: Alonzo Chappel, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

Founding Father and first president of the United States, George Washington, enjoyed many recreational activities during his free time. He was a true outdoorsman—he loved hunting and fishing and was a devoted gardener and farmer .

It’s common knowledge that after deciding not to run for a third term, he retired to his Virginia farm and dedicated the rest of his life to farming. But one fact you may not know is that, in his youth, Washington was a frequent dancer —and rumor has it, he was even extremely good at it! He considered dancing an important social interaction, describing it as "so agreeable and innocent an amusement."

2
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Image: National Archives and Records Administration, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Franklin D. Roosevelt, the only president to be elected to four consecutive terms, led the country through the critical years of the Great Depression and World War II. To maintain a clear mind while navigating such tumultuous times, Roosevelt embraced a number of pastimes. He collected books , stamps , and ship models , for example.

In addition, he was an avid swimmer . After losing the ability to walk due to polio, Roosevelt began swimming three times a week to strengthen his muscles. Following his election, the New York Daily News donated a swimming pool to the White House so he could continue his practice.

3
James A. Garfield

Image: Unknown; part of Brady-Handy Photograph Collection., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Before becoming the 20th president, James A. Garfield enjoyed fishing , hunting , and playing billiards . But he was also exceptionally intelligent and studious.

Though many people may know Garfield for serving just four months in office, he was also the first ambidextrous president of the United States . Not only could he write with both hands, but when asked a question, he could simultaneously write the answer in ancient Greek with one hand and Latin with the other. Pretty impressive, don’t you think?

4
Calvin Coolidge

Image: National Photo Company Collection, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The 30th president of the United States liked riding horses so much that he had an electronic horse installed in the White House. The device had two speeds—trot and canter—and he rode it every day.

That said, Calvin Coolidge was a taciturn man of few words, who enjoyed taking afternoon naps, earning him the nickname "Silent Cal." He also had a very particular sense of humor . He reportedly enjoyed pressing the alarm buttons in the Oval Office or hiding in the garden shrubbery to startle his Secret Service agents.

5
Jimmy Carter

Image: Tuntematon, Valkoisen talon valokuvaajat (01/20/1977 - 01/20/1981), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Throughout his life, Jimmy Carter was a curious man who never stopped doing things. He studied nuclear physics in college, could read two thousand words a minute, wrote numerous books, and even won a Nobel Peace Prize in 2002.

But what did this brilliant man like to do in his spare time? Carter had a variety of hobbies, including painting , poetry , tennis , cycling , fly fishing , and skiing . However, the one activity in which he perhaps excelled most was woodworking . After retiring, the 39th president of the United States set up a garage workshop on his Georgia ranch, where he built furniture that was later auctioned to benefit the Carter Center.

6
John Quincy Adams

Image: Pieter Van Huffel, 1769 - 1844, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

John Quincy Adams was notoriously meticulous and kept a diary detailing his daily routine. Thanks to this, we now know that the sixth president of the United States liked to relieve the stress of the presidency with an early morning swim .

After waking up around 4 or 5 a.m., Adams would walk two miles to the Potomac River and leave his clothes on the shore before taking a swim. According to lore, one morning, a reporter named Anne Royall snatched his clothes and demanded that the president give her an interview. Adams had no choice but to answer her questions while standing deep in the river, completely naked.

7
Harry S. Truman

Image: Abbie Rowe, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Harry S. Truman governed the United States from 1945 to 1953, right after World War II—a difficult and stressful time, to be sure. To blow off some steam, the 33rd president liked to immerse himself in one of his two long-time passions: reading and music .

Truman had eye problems, which prevented him from participating in sports. As a result, he became an avid reader from an early age—in fact, he once boasted of having read every book in the library by the age of 14. He was also a very skilled piano player , having started lessons at the age of seven.

8
Lyndon B. Johnson

Image: Yoichi Okamoto, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Living up to the legacy of one of the most popular presidents in American history can't be easy. But it appears that the 36th president of the United States knew just how to maintain a good balance between responsibility and leisure. During his five-year administration, Lyndon B. Johnson spent 490 days —about a quarter of his presidency— at the LBJ Ranch in Stonewall , Texas, combining work and vacation so seamlessly that the place became known as "The Texas White House."

At this ranch, Johnson had an extensive collection of vehicles . Among them was the Amphicar, an amphibious passenger car built in the 1960s, which he used to play pranks on his visitors.

9
Richard Nixon

Image: White House Photographer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Not many people know this, but Richard Nixon was an artistic man. He enjoyed theater—he even met his future wife during a community theater audition—and he could play five musical instruments : piano, saxophone, violin, clarinet, and accordion.

But he was also into sports. In addition to being a huge football fan, he and First Lady Pat Nixon enjoyed bowling . In fact, the Nixons were responsible for moving the White House bowling alley back to the Executive Mansion after it had been relocated to a nearby building years earlier.

10
George W. Bush

Image: Series: Photographs Related to the George W. Bush Administration, 1/20/2001 - 1/20/2009Collection: Records of the White House Photo Office (George W. Bush Administration), 1/20/2001 - 1/20/2009, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

During his free time, George W. Bush enjoyed golfing, biking, attending baseball games, and reading American history. He was also a very competitive runner .

However, when the 43rd president of the United States left office, he was only 62 years old—plenty of time to acquire a new pastime. In the years following his time in the White House, Bush surprised many by turning to painting . "I’m a painter," he told Jay Leno on The Tonight Show .

11
Dwight D. Eisenhower

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To relieve the stress of leadership, Dwight D. Eisenhower maintained a number of hobbies that he cultivated throughout his life. One of his main passions was golf , which he played during and after his presidency. He even kept a small putting green in the White House garden and had a four-hole practice course installed at Camp David.

But that’s not all. Ike enjoyed fishing, hunting, shooting, watching Western movies, and playing bridge. He was also an avid painter who often captured natural landscapes and gave them as gifts to friends. After leaving the White House, Ike settled on a farm near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where he raised Black Angus show cows that won blue ribbons at state and county fairs.

12
John F. Kennedy

Image: Robert LeRoy Knudsen, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

John F. Kennedy was an exercise enthusiast and something of a jock. He played many sports : golf, tennis, swimming, baseball, and football. Despite being an athletic man, he enjoyed smoking between four and five cigars a day—his favorite brands were Upmanns and Monticellos!

But perhaps the hobby that most helped him relax from the tensions of the presidency was boating. Like many members of his family, John F. Kennedy loved to sail and was often photographed at sea with his wife and young children.

Geography Geography 5 min read

Extraordinary secrets about the capitals of the United States

The only state capital without a McDonald's and 11 other fun facts

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Can you guess which is the only U.S. capital built on top of an extinct volcano? What about which is the oldest state capital, the least populated, or the one with the coldest temperature? If you're dying to know the answers to these questions, read on to discover 12 fun facts about our state capitals that you probably didn't know!

1
Jackson, Mississippi

Image: Engineers' office, department of Tennessee, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Did you know Jackson, Mississippi, is named after the 7th U.S. President, Andrew Jackson? It is one of the four state capitals named after American presidents —the other three are Jefferson City (Missouri), Lincoln (Nebraska), and Madison (Wisconsin).

Jackson is the only U.S. capital built on top of an extinct volcano. Interestingly, during the Civil War, the city was burned by Union troops, giving it the nickname "Chimneyville". In addition, Jackson is best known for being the center of the civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s.

2
Santa Fe, New Mexico

Image: Wendy Shervington

Founded by Spanish colonists in 1610 as the capital of the colony of New Mexico, Santa Fe is the oldest U.S. city that still functions as a state capital today.

But that's not the only peculiarity of this quaint city with a temperate climate and a unique historical and cultural richness. At 7,000 feet above sea level, Santa Fe is also the highest U.S. capital.

3
Honolulu, Hawaii

Image: Daniel Lee

Known for its spectacular beaches and rich cultural heritage, Honolulu is the only state capital not on the North American mainland. Considered the birthplace of modern surfing, it also has the highest average annual temperature of any U.S. state capital.

But those aren't the only interesting facts about Hawaii's capital. Here are a few equally (or more) crazy ones: it hosts the only royal palace in the United States (Iolani Palace), the island is made up of volcanic soil, and it houses the world's largest open-air shopping mall (Ala Moana Center).

4
Annapolis, Maryland

Image: Terry Granger

Annapolis is a historic city on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay, known for its colonial architecture, nautical tradition, and academic value. But did you know it is also the smallest U.S. capital by land area? Just 6.7 square miles!

Annapolis was also one of the nine capitals the United States has had throughout its history. For nine months during the Revolutionary War, Maryland's current state capital served as the seat of the Confederation Congress.

5
Bismarck, North Dakota

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If you thought Juneau, Alaska, had the lowest average winter temperature of all state capitals, think again! It's actually Bismarck, North Dakota, where the coldest temperature ever recorded was -45°F. Imagine that!

Bismarck was founded in 1872 on the banks of the Missouri River. The city was named after Otto von Bismarck, the chancellor of Germany, to attract German investors. Another fun fact? In 1930, Bismarck and Fargo had a dispute, known as the "Capitol Tower War," over which city should be the state capital.

6
Charleston, West Virginia

Image: Carol M. Highsmith, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Did you know that the original name of West Virginia's capital was Charles Town in honor of the father of Colonel George Clendenin, one of the first settlers?

Charleston is best known for offering a unique combination of history, culture, and outdoor adventure.

7
Hartford, Connecticut

Image: Balazs Busznyak

Founded in 1635, Connecticut's capital is one of the oldest cities in the U.S. Hartford is known for being a key cultural center in New England. It was the home of writer Mark Twain and is home to historic sites such as the State Capitol, the Harriet Beecher Stowe House, and Bushnell Park, the oldest public park in the country.

Hartford is also called the "insurance capital of the world" due to the presence of major insurance companies. But the city's most curious fact is that it was where Teddy Roosevelt, aboard the Columbia Electric Victoria Phaeton, took the first presidential automobile ride in history!

8
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

Image: Katherine McAdoo

Pennsylvania's capital city is best known for its role in the Civil War and the Underground Railroad. Located on the banks of the Susquehanna River, Harrisburg has been an important center of transportation and commerce. Today, it is known for its historic architecture, museums, and special events.

Harrisburg is also home to the longest stone arch bridge in the world, the Rockville Bridge, built in 1902. Oh, and in 1979, it came close to a nuclear disaster due to the accident at the Three Mile Island plant, the worst in U.S. history —but that's a longer story for another article!

9
Olympia, Washington

Image: Peter Robbins

Located at the southern tip of Puget Sound, Washington's state capital is known for its natural beauty and vibrant culture. But did you know Olympia is the northernmost state capital in the contiguous U.S.?

Oh, and it's also a great place to try some of the best craft beer in the country.

10
Salt Lake City, Utah

Image: Cong Wang

Utah's state capital is popular for being one of the best places to ski in the United States. But that's not all! Salt Lake City is also the only state capital with three words in its name. Have you ever thought about that?

It has the largest Mormon population in the country and is the world headquarters of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Another fun fact? Salt Lake City is home to more plastic surgeons per capita than any other state capital!

11
Montpelier, Vermont

Image: John Holm

Named after the French city of the same name, Montpelier is the least populated state capital, with a population of just 7,900. Probably for that reason, Vermont's capital prides itself on its small local businesses: it is the only state capital that doesn't have a McDonald's or a Starbucks. Could you live without these fast food chains? It doesn't have a Walmart store either!

12
Topeka, Kansas

Image: Nils Huenerfuerst

Topeka, Kansas’s state capital, has several interesting tidbits. For example, did you know its name, of Native American origin, means "a good place to dig potatoes"? Interesting, don’t you think?

In 2010, Topeka temporarily changed its name to "Google, Kansas" to attract the attention of the internet giant and become the capital city of fiber optics. Frivolous facts aside, Topeka was also very important in the history of the civil rights movement.

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