General General 2 min read

American wisdom

You’ve heard these American idioms—but their true origins will shock you

Image: Meelika Marzzarella

From colonial times to the modern day, American idioms reflect how the country grew, fought, worked, and talked. From quitting cold turkey to the whole nine yards, these sayings captured the spirit of each era. Some came from the battlefield, others from the frontier or factory floor. But all of these expressions here earned a place in everyday speech—and they still tell a uniquely American story.

1
Manifest Destiny

Image: Wayne Hollman

(1840s – Westward Expansion)

Coined in 1845 by journalist John L. O’Sullivan, "Manifest Destiny" justified America’s push westward, claiming it was the nation’s divine right and duty. Though sometimes controversial, it shaped the national mindset and defined 19th-century American expansionism.

2
Talk turkey

Image: Tyler Donaghy

(1800s – Rural America)

"Talking turkey" originally meant speaking plainly, especially during trade or bargaining sessions around Thanksgiving time. The phrase evolved from settlers' interactions with Native Americans and each other.

3
The whole nine yards

Image: Museums Victoria

(1940s – WWII era)

This phrase likely originated in World War II aviation. Fighter pilots reportedly gave "the whole nine yards" when they unloaded all their ammunition —about 27 feet of bullets. It now means going all out, and its roots in wartime tales made it a lasting piece of American lingo.

4
Cold turkey

Image: Andres Siimon

(1920s – Prohibition era)

"Cold turkey" first emerged in drug withdrawal circles during the 1920s, describing a sudden and complete stop, often painful and abrupt. It became more widespread during Prohibition, when people abruptly quit drinking.

5
Pull yourself up by your bootstraps

Image: Nathan Dumlao

(1930s – Great Depression)

Originally a sarcastic quip about doing the impossible, the phrase took on a new life during the Depression, urging Americans to self-rely and push through adversity. By WWII, it had become a proud motto for working-class Americans.

6
Loose lips sink ships

Image: John Kostyk

(1940s – WWII propaganda)

Created by the U.S. Office of War Information, this saying warned citizens and soldiers against careless talk that might aid enemy spies. It was one of the most effective propaganda slogans of WWII.

7
Duck and cover

Image: Stephen Cobb

(1950s – Cold War drills)

Coined in a 1951 civil defense film, this phrase taught schoolchildren to seek shelter from nuclear blasts. While its actual effectiveness was debatable, "duck and cover" captured the anxious era of nuclear tension. It’s since become shorthand for futile emergency preparedness.

8
Jump on the bandwagon

Image: Museums of History New South Wales

(19th century – American politics)

Originating in the 1848 campaign of circus showman Dan Rice, politicians literally used bandwagons to draw crowds. The term evolved as others "jumped on" to align with the popular cause. It now refers to any late but enthusiastic adoption of a trend.

9
Cut to the chase

Image: Jeremy Yap

(Hollywood – silent film era)

Early films often built up slowly, so impatient viewers and editors began saying, "cut to the chase" —the action scene. Now it means getting straight to the point.

10
Put a sock in it

Image: Denny Müller

(1920s – Gramophone era)

Before volume knobs, people muffled early gramophones by stuffing socks in the horn. The phrase quickly became slang for "be quiet."

Culture Culture 6 min read

ALL-TIME CLASSICS

Are you looking for the Great American Novel? Explore 10 contenders

Image: Laura Chouette

American literature is rich in stories and authors. Its best examples capture life in the big cities, luxury, and glamour, but also the small rural American towns, diving into their roots and history. Books like Francis Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby or John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath are classics that have left a lasting mark on generations of readers . Today we have put together a bookshelf with 10 of the best American novels of the 20th century. This list will surely fall short, but we hope you enjoy our selection!

1
The Great Gatsby , F. Scott Fitzgerald (1925)

Image: Girl with red hat

Written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, one of the most iconic authors of the so-called "Lost Generation", The Great Gatsby portrays the dark side of the American dream . The protagonist, the mysterious and apparently frivolous millionaire Jay Gatsby, is obsessed with winning back a woman he loved in his youth. Set in the Jazz Age, Fitzgerald’s book raises the contradictions between the power of money and the most intimate individual aspirations.

Published in 1925, The Great Gatsby is one of the greatest masterpieces of American fiction . Since then, it has sold millions of copies all over the world, has had numerous theatrical and film adaptations, and was chosen as the best American novel of the 20th century on several occasions.

2
The Sound and the Fury , William Faulkner (1929)

Image: Brandi Redd

Published in 1929, The Sound and the Fury is William Faulkner's fourth novel and is considered the greatest opus of this Nobel Laureate . It chronicles the decadence of the Compsons, an aristocratic family in the American South, their secrets, and the relationships of love and hate that sustain and destroy them.

The Sound and the Fury is a profound and heartbreaking exploration of decay, despair, and loss . Faulkner's innovative narrative technique, while challenging, allows for an intimate and visceral portrayal of the characters. The novel also addresses issues of race, gender, and class with admirable narrative prowess.

3
The Old Man and the Sea , Ernest Hemingway (1952)

Image: MonicaVolpin

The Old Man and the Sea was the last novel published by Ernest Hemingway during his lifetime. For it, he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and it undoubtedly contributed to the Nobel Prize for Literature he was awarded in 1954.

The novel tells the story of Santiago, an old and experienced fisherman who embarks on a grueling three-day battle when he finally manages to catch a huge marlin. The Old Man and the Sea is considered one of the masterpieces of universal literature that has captivated readers around the world for decades . Its message about perseverance, dignity, and the search for life’s meaning is still relevant today. The novel is a must-read for anyone interested in literature and human nature.

4
In Cold Blood , Truman Capote (1965)

Image: Brandi Redd

On November 15, 1959, in a small Kansas town called Holcomb, the four members of the Clutter family, a married couple and their two teenage children, were savagely murdered by Dick Hickcock and Perry Smith.

Based on these gruesome events, the American novelist Truman Capote managed to turn around his career as a storyteller by writing In Cold Blood , the novel that definitively established him as one of the great authors of twentieth-century American literature. This book catapulted him as the pioneer of the New Journalism literary movement , a non-fiction genre that became popular in the 1960s for narrating stories based on real events.

5
The Catcher in the Rye , J. D. Salinger (1951)

Image: Gratisography

The Catcher in the Rye , written by the great J. D. Salinger, is a contemporary novel that has become a classic of modern literature. At the time of its publication in 1951, it provoked numerous controversies for its provocative language and its unabashed portrayal of teenage struggles, such as sexuality, the loss of innocence, and the transition to adulthood.

The Catcher in the Rye could be framed within the Bildungsroman —a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist. It follows Holden Caulfield, a teenager who, after being expelled from school, gets lost in New York trying to find his way in the world. The novel is rich in symbolism and themes , and the literary style and narrative technique are unique and exceptional.

6
American Pastoral , Philip Roth (1997)

Image: Arno Senoner

Published in 1997, American Pastoral is the novel that earned Philip Roth the Pulitzer Prize and is the first in the well-known "American Trilogy", a series of novels narrated by Nathan Zuckerman, the author's alter ego. With the Vietnam War as a backdrop, this book is a lucid tale that questions American values during the end of the happy sixties.

In American Pastoral we find Roth at his best: deep, intense, incisive, magnificent . His ability to build a universe of complex characters and dig into their psychologies is astounding and overwhelming. Few writers have managed to capture the contradictions of American society as he has done.

7
Beloved , Toni Morrison (1987)

Image: Artis Kančs

Beloved , published in 1987 by Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison, takes place in the aftermath of the American Civil War . The novel tells the story of an African-American slave, Margaret Garner, who escapes from Kentucky to Ohio, a free state.

Magic realism runs throughout the entire book and manifests through the ghostly presence of Beloved's character. Morrison uses this technique to explore collective memory and the persistence of the past . The novel is considered a masterpiece of contemporary literature and has been acclaimed for its innovative writing style and its exploration of sensitive subjects such as slavery, freedom, identity, and memory.

8
On the Road , Jack Kerouac (1957)

Image: Daria Kraplak

On the Road is a semi-autobiographical novel in which Jack Kerouac recounts a series of trips he made across the United States and Mexico with his friend Neal Cassady. Inspired by his passion for jazz, Kerouac developed the idea of a book that would be a great improvised prose solo . He wrote it on his typewriter on a long, single roll of paper in just three weeks.

A cornerstone of the so-called "Beat Generation," On the Road was published in September 1957, after 6 years of delay due to the publisher's reservations about the explicit contents. At the time, this emblematic book had a major impact, especially on the younger readers of the 60s. Today, On the Road is still considered one of the great American novels of the 20th century for capturing the rebellious spirit of an entire generation.

9
The Heart is a Lonely Hunter , Carson McCullers (1940)

Image: Faith Enck

The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is a literary masterpiece that continues to resonate in the hearts of readers, even though it was published more than 60 years ago. Set in a small southern town, it tells the story of a group of people who have in common the rejection of a society that ignores them.

This is Carson McCullers' first novel, written when she was only twenty-three years old. She masterfully captures the essence of loneliness and the search for human connection in a way that transcends time. With a moving narrative and unforgettable characters, the novel has received critical acclaim and has earned a prominent place in literary history.

10
The Grapes of Wrath , John Steinbeck (1939)

Image: Sonder Quest

We couldn't leave The Grapes of Wrath, 1940 Pulitzer Prize winner , out of this list. In this harrowing book, Nobel laureate John Steinbeck narrates the difficult journey of a family of farmers who, beset by hunger and misery, leave the fields of Oklahoma to reach the golden shores of California, the promised land.

First published in 1939, The Grapes of Wrath is a seminal work in American literature that explores the conflict between the rich and the poor and reflects the horrors of the Great Depression with sensitivity and sharp insight. Steinbeck's chronicle of the shameful mistreatment of 1930s families is perhaps the most "American" of all American classics.

Culture Culture 3 min read

Celebrating the weird

These 12 bizarre American festivals will raise more than a few eyebrows

Image: John Thomas

As one might expect, our country has no shortage of unusual celebrations, and some towns have turned the unexpected into a full-blown yearly tradition. From underwater concerts to rolling outhouses, these festivals prove that we love a good surprise. Take a look at the following 12 and see which one you would like to visit!

1
Burning Man – Nevada

Image: Leo_Visions

We will start with the most popular and commercial option among the lot. Held in the Nevada desert, Burning Man builds a whole temporary city devoted to creativity and giant art installations that rise from the dust, glowing at night.

The week ends with the burning of a massive wooden figure. This massive festival is attended by thousands of people, from tech tycoons to regular folks looking for an interesting experience.

2
Mothman Festival – West Virginia

Image: Joe Green

The second and last "...man" festival in our list celebrates the legendary Mothman . Visitors enjoy costumes, speakers, and cryptid-themed fun downtown.

The atmosphere is friendly and playful, blending folklore with small-town charm. It’s a surprising mix of spooky stories and a full festival atmosphere.

3
Underwater Music Festival – Florida

Image: Miltiadis Fragkidis

In this highly unusual event, snorkelers and divers gather to hear music underwater in the Florida Keys. It’s both a concert and a celebration of the local reef.

Participants float among colorful fish while tunes echo beneath the waves . This beautiful experience is designed to raise awareness for ocean conservation.

4
Frozen Dead Guy Days – Colorado

Image: Hayes Potter

Not a man, but a guy here. This Colorado festival honors an unusual legend: an individual kept in cryogenic storage in town . Events include (yes) coffin races, oddball contests, and winter fun.

Locals and visitors turn the strange story into a joyful celebration that attracts many visitors every year.

5
Roswell UFO Festival – New Mexico

Image: moollyem

Roswell leans into its extraterrestrial fame with parades, costumes, and alien-themed games . Groups of friends and families stroll through downtown, surrounded by bright green mascots.

Guest talks and exhibits revisit the famous 1947 incident. Whether you’re a believer or just curious, it’s a cheerful dive into the UFO scene in America.

6
World Championship Outhouse Races – Nevada

Image: Yiquan Zhang

Virginia City hosts races where teams push decorated outhouses down Main Street . It’s fast, funny, and downright bizarre.

The event honors the town’s mining-era history by reflecting on the everyday living conditions of the miners (but with a smile).

7
Giant Pumpkin Regatta – Oregon

Image: Alex Dadukin

Each fall, racers climb into hollowed-out giant pumpkins and paddle across a lake . With costumes, as it should be.

Spectators line the shore laughing as pumpkins wobble, spin, and sometimes sink. It’s an amazing seasonal tradition built to display uniqueness at its peak.

8
Corgi Beach Day – California

Image: Xennie Moore

Every year, Huntington Beach fills with hundreds of corgis dressed as sharks, surfers, and superheroes , among other themes. There are races, photo ops, and plenty of sand.

Owners chat and mingle while the dogs bounce through the waves. It’s an adorable festival that celebrates fun over the formality that is sometimes associated with this breed.

9
Humongous Fungus Fest – Michigan

Image: Cintya Hernandez

Each year, Crystal Falls honors a giant living fungus beneath the town with parades, food, and music . It’s a celebration that might seem odd to the uninitiated, but it is greatly appreciated by those in the know.

Residents and visitors enjoy mushroom-themed competitions and mushroom-themed food. The event turns a scientific oddity into a fun festival.

10
Marfa Lights Festival – Texas

Image: Damir Samatkulov

In West Texas, visitors gather yearly to celebrate the unexplained phenomenon known as the Marfa Lights . Music, food, and local art create a small-town festival that has grown past its frontiers.

At night, people scan the desert horizon hoping to glimpse the glowing orbs. It’s a mix of mystery and fun, all rolled into a festival.

11
Waikiki SPAM Jam – Hawaii

Image: Hannes Johnson

Honolulu’s own SPAM Jam celebrates the world-famous canned meat with street-long food booths and live entertainment . Distinguished chefs create inventive SPAM dishes for visitors.

The festival is a tasty tribute to a food with deep local roots and universal appeal (when it is not linked to its digital homonym).

12
Houston Art Car Parade – Texas

Image: Brett Jordan

Artists from Houston and elsewhere transform cars into rolling sculptures and parade them proudly through the city . Designs range from glittering dragons to mobile gardens.

Families and friends gather to admire the creativity and color, complete with exhaust pipes' smoke, lingering in the air. It’s an unexpected way to blend art and fun.

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