History History 5 min read

A LESSON IN CULTURE HISTORY

Travel back in time to the fads and movements that defined America!

Image: Florida Memory

Do you remember the fads from your childhood and teenage years? Think back on those toys, objects, and clothing items that were once so dear to you: They might seem tacky or downright ridiculous now, but they surely hold a special place in our memories. America has gone through some rather spectacular fads and movements in the past century, so we have selected 10 of the most era-defying fads in our country’s history. We hope they bring back some good memories! Enjoy!

1
The Roaring Twenties

Image: Carrie Borden

We’ll begin with one of the first fads invented right here in America. The 1920s in America were characterized by a period of prosperity and well-being that resulted in a dynamic and distinct cultural rise in major American metropolises. There’s a reason why this period was known as "The Roaring 20s": It signified an upheaval in American music, arts, and fashion.

The 20s saw the birth of avant-garde art forms like jazz music, as well as groundbreaking novels by authors like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway. This era is also remembered for the surge of the "Flapper" subculture: Modern, young women with a more carefree attitude toward entertainment.

2
Pin-up models

Image: Florida Memory

Who do you think about whenever you think of the word "pin-up model"? Chances are your answer is Marilyn Monroe or Betty Grable : After all, they both got their start as pin-up models, portrayed in thousands of mass-produced photographs. However, these actresses helped cement the notion of what defines a pin-up model, now considered to be an essential icon in American pop culture history.

Pin-ups defined the aesthetic of an entire period, present in everything from movies to advertisements. Not only that, pin-up models were often depicted on the side of American fighter planes during World War 2, helping raise the morale of our troops.

3
Greasers

Image: Sümeyye Candan

Although the word "greaser" definitively got its start as a derogatory term for this subculture, it ended up being the name of one of America’s most beloved periods. The 1950s are still revered as a golden age by millions of Americans, particularly because of the surge of many icons that make our country so wonderful: Things like Cadillacs, Rock N’ Roll music, and soda fountains were all born in this era.

In that sense, the "Greaser" look was heavily influenced by musicians and actors like Elvis Presley and James Dean . Greasers would showcase their fast motorcycles, stylish hairstyles, and leather jackets wherever they went. By the 1970s, this style was so well-known that it provided the basis of one of America’s favorite TV characters: Fonzie, perhaps now considered the quintessential greaser.

4
The Hippie movement

Image: Jamie Street

The Hippie movement is synonymous with 1960s America: This subculture influenced almost every art form during this period, from music to television, film, and literature. While it is nowadays mostly looked at as an aesthetic or cultural movement, the influence of hippies in American politics and society shouldn’t be overlooked.

Perhaps the biggest representatives of the hippie movement are those groundbreaking bands and musicians aligned with this movement, like Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, or Jefferson Airplane. Hippies were also characterized by their groundbreaking fashion, which featured bell-bottom jeans, sunglasses, and colorful shirts.

5
Beatnik movement

Image: Pereanu Sebastian

Speaking of hippies, let’s take a little detour and focus on an American artistic movement that laid the foundation from which the hippie movement emerged. Much like with "greaser," the term "beatnik" was first coined as an insult, aimed at followers of the "Beat Generation," a literary movement that included names like Jack Kerouac or William S. Burroughs.

The beatnik subculture had a defining image, often exaggerated by detractors: Think about the caricature of a modern poet, complete with a black turtleneck, beret, and bongos, and you’ll be thinking about a stereotypical beatnik. Regardless, historians believe that the term "hippie" comes from "hipsters," which is a term first used to describe the beatnik subculture.

6
The 80s

Image: Eric Nopanen

Fashion during the 1980s can be best summed up by this phrase from Charles Dickens's "A Tale of Two Cities": "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times." While it can’t be denied that this decade brought forward groundbreaking styles to music, films, and culture, it should also be noted that some of these changes were extreme, to say the least. At the end of the day, whether the 80s were good or bad will ultimately depend on who you are asking.

Personally, we would like to focus on those 80s things that we absolutely love: Things like synthesizer music, mullet hairstyles, and neon-bright clothing. This decade was also the birthplace of several subcultures, including the post-punk, preppy, and new-wave movements.

7
The 90s

Image: Panos Sakalakis

If the 70s and 80s were characterized by their loud and flamboyant styles, the 90s were defined by a more minimalist approach: Bands like Nirvana or Pearl Jam helped promote the "grunge" aesthetic, which featured simple items of clothing like jeans, flannel shirts or hoodies.

Although definitively minimalist, the 90s were also the birthplace of subcultures like the goth movement. During this era, numerous extreme sports like skateboarding gained popularity, in line with this decade’s alternative outlook on culture.

8
Disco

Image: Dustin Tramel

Ready to dance "The Hustle"? The late 60s and early 70s were determined by the emergence of one of America’s most remembered subcultures. While disco music first appeared in New York City and Philadelphia, it quickly swept over the nation: Think of a tornado filled with disco balls, roller skates, and nightclubs, and you might be able to paint a picture of how influential this subculture was.

Although disco got its start in iconic nightclubs like Studio 54, it soon expanded to other mediums like movies and television. Most notably, shows like "Soul Train" helped promote this genre’s appeal, while films like "Saturday Night Fever" cemented the ultimate aesthetic of the disco subculture.

9
Digital age

Image: Xiong Yan

We have now arrived at our modern times ! The advent of the internet represented such a groundbreaking innovation in our everyday lives that it stands to reason that the digital age also influenced many of our fads and movements. The late 2000s and early 2010s were determined by this new massive access to information, which completely changed the way we consume culture and entertainment.

In that sense, this new, instant way to share information immediately meant that culture was now not only limited to geographical locations: Your favorite band or fashion icon could easily live on the other side of the world. This cultural exchange resulted in a rich and diverse movement, which is still developing to this very day.

10
All those wonderful memories…

Image: COSMOH LOVE

We have reserved the final entry on this list for the many objects that defined each of these decades. It is sometimes easier to picture an era through a specific item: Think about the 50s and their timeless jukeboxes, or the 90s and the above-mentioned flannel shirts.

In that sense, we have selected a few of our top picks. Some, like the Hula Hoop or the Frisbee, have truly transcended time: Although they were created decades ago, they are still thoroughly enjoyed by children and adults alike. Time hasn’t been that kind with others, though, like with the now practically extinct Tamagotchi. This digital pet was all the rage during the late 90s and early 2000s, but it ultimately fell into obscurity thanks to other digital mediums.

General General 3 min read

What’s in a nickname?

Did you know the stories behind the nicknames of these Americans?

Image: Capitol Records (File No. 3860-25)

Nicknames can be affectionate, teasing, intriguing—or all of these at once. Who comes up with the labels that remarkable people end up carrying forever, and what makes them stick? Here, we explore a list of quirky stories behind some of the most colorful nicknames in American history.

1
"The Chairman of the Board" – Frank Sinatra

Image: Ethan Rougon

Frank Sinatra co-founded Reprise Records in 1960, giving him full creative control over his music. The nickname "Chairman of the Board" was first used by radio host William B. Williams and quickly caught on. Although Sinatra didn’t particularly love it, the nickname came to symbolize his power and influence in the music industry.

2
"His Accidency" – John Tyler

Image: Library of Congress

The 10th U.S. president earned this snarky nickname after unexpectedly taking office in 1841, when William Henry Harrison died just one month into his term.

It was the first time a vice president had assumed the presidency due to a president’s death, and many questioned the legitimacy of his authority. His critics called him "His Accidency," a somewhat unfriendly pun that stuck.

3
"The Sphinx of the Potomac" – Calvin Coolidge

Image: Lea Kobal

President from 1923 to 1929, Coolidge was notoriously silent and stoic. His reluctance to speak in public and his poker-faced demeanor earned him the nickname "The Sphinx of the Potomac," a nod to the famous Egyptian statue and his Washington, D.C. post. One oft-repeated anecdote claims he once remarked, "I have nothing to say."

4
"The Boss" – Bruce Springsteen

Image: Jose Antonio Gallego Vázquez

Bruce Springsteen earned this nickname in the early days of playing Jersey Shore clubs, where he was responsible for collecting and distributing gig money to his band. Originally an internal nickname within the group, it quickly caught on with the media. Ironically, Springsteen has admitted that he’s never really liked being called "The Boss."

5
"The Mad Stork" – Ted Hendricks

Image: Wynand Uys

This Hall of Fame linebacker for the Raiders stood 6’7" and had a long, lanky build. His towering figure and unpredictable style of play earned him the nickname "The Mad Stork." Despite the unusual moniker, he was a feared and legendary player in the NFL.

6
"The Snake" – Ken Stabler

Image: Timothy Dykes

Another Raiders legend, quarterback Ken Stabler, earned the nickname "The Snake" from his college coach after a long, twisting touchdown run. The name stuck because he became known for his slippery, cool-headed play under pressure.

7
"Jane the Grabber" – Hester Jane Haskins

Image: sombre

A dark figure in 19th-century New York, Hester Jane Haskins was a "procuress," luring women with promises of work and then forcing them into brothels. Her nickname, "Jane the Grabber," became infamous in the press.

8
"The Black Swallow of Death" – Eugene Bullard

Image: Heather Wilde

Born in Georgia and later a French WWI pilot, Eugene Bullard was the first African American military pilot. He earned the nickname "The Black Swallow of Death" for his fearless flying and deadly accuracy. Despite his heroism, he still faced racial discrimination upon returning to the U.S.

9
"Little Miss Sure Shot" – Annie Oakley

Image: Jp Valery

Annie Oakley was a folk heroine and a famed sharpshooter from an early age. She earned the nickname "Little Miss Sure Shot" from the Native American leader Sitting Bull, who bestowed it after watching her flawless shooting in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show.

10
"Kid Gloves" – Benjamin Harrison

Image: Aaron Lefler

Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd president, frequently wore soft kid-leather gloves in public due to hand ailments. Political opponents seized the opportunity to mock his stiff demeanor and perceived elitism, dubbing him "Kid Gloves." The nickname pointed not only to his physical appearance but also to his aloof attitude.

General General 4 min read

Star power comes in all sizes

Which famous actor is 5'6"? Movie magic hides more than you imagine

Image: William Warby

The movie screen shows us everything we want... and sometimes even what we don’t. But some things aren’t so easy to notice, like the height of our favorite stars. From classic icons like John Wayne to today’s celebrities like Taylor Swift, these 10 stars fall into one of two categories: really tall… or really, really short! Can you guess how tall each one is?

1
Clint Eastwood

Image: movie studio, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Spaghetti Westerns wouldn’t have been the same without Clint Eastwood, and neither would cinema as a whole. He not only won our hearts with unforgettable performances but also built a career as a respected director and even stepped into politics. But that’s not all: It turns out he’s also one of the tallest actors in Hollywood, standing at an impressive 6'4"!

2
Tom Cruise

Image: Gage Skidmore from Peoria, AZ, United States of America, CC BY-SA 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Tom Cruise is famous for performing his own stunts in some truly dangerous scenes. At 5'7", he may not be Hollywood’s tallest leading man, but that doesn’t stop him from skydiving while flipping through the air, piloting planes, filming atop skyscrapers without a harness, and, of course, being one of the highest-paid actors in the world.

3
John Wayne

Image: DVD (Batjac-Paramount Pictures), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Western films and war movies owe a lot to the talented John Wayne. Known as "The Duke," his tough-guy persona came not only from his roles but also from his imposing size: he stood an impressive 6 feet 4 inches tall.

4
Dolly Parton

Image: Mel Melcon, Los Angeles Times, CC BY 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

The queen of country music doesn’t need height to stand out: At just 5 feet tall, she became one of America’s most beloved female singers. Creator of hits like "Jolene," "9 to 5," and "I Will Always Love You," she often wears heels during performances and TV and movie appearances.

5
Danny DeVito

Image: Mario A. P., CC BY-SA 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

If you thought Dolly was the shortest person on this list, think again, as the talented and beloved actor Danny DeVito stands at 4'10''. His height is due to a genetic condition called multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED), which affects bone growth. Far from holding him back, Danny has showcased his talent in successful films like Batman Returns (1992), Matilda (1996), Big Fish (2003), and many more.

6
Brooke Shields

Image: MSGT. Don Wetterman, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Height isn’t just for men; just look at actress Brooke Shields, who stands an amazing 6 feet tall. Known for films like The Blue Lagoon (1980) and the sitcom Suddenly Susan (1996–2000), her height and striking beauty also contributed to her great success in the fashion world.

7
Dustin Hoffman

Image: Gorup de Besanez, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

The Graduate (1967), Midnight Cowboy (1969), and Kramer vs. Kramer (1979) are cinematic classics, in large part thanks to Dustin Hoffman’s outstanding performances. While he wasn’t the tallest protagonist at 5 '7", his height never got in the way of these and many other films achieving huge success.

8
Dwayne Johnson

Image: Eva Rinaldi Celebrity and Live Music Photographer, CC BY-SA 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Also in the Tall Club is Dwayne Johnson, better known as "The Rock." Standing an impressive 6'5", his strength goes beyond his height and acting talent, as he also gained fame as a professional wrestling superstar.

9
Taylor Swift

Image: Marcin Wichary from San Francisco, U.S.A., CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Named Time’s Person of the Year in 2023, Taylor Swift is undeniably one of the biggest sensations of this era. But her musical talent and knack for creating hit songs aren’t all she brings to the table: Her 5'11" height also adds to her stunning stage presence.

10
Al Pacino

Image: Gotfryd, Bernard, photographer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Mr. Al Pacino may have brought to life some of the toughest characters, and even a few criminals. But his rugged image might make you think he’s a bit taller. To many people's surprise, Al actually stands around 5' 6". Short or tall, he was destined to be a star!

11
Uma Thurman

Image: Siebbi, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Brooke Shields and Taylor Swift aren't the only tall women on this list. The star of Pulp Fiction (1994) and Kill Bill (2003–2004) also ranks among the tallest. At 5'11", Uma Thurman has always stood out for her versatility and commanding screen presence.

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