General General 3 min read

Not all laws make sense

No bear wrestling in Missouri: Learn 12 American laws concerning animals

Image: Nataliya Vaitkevich

Most well-intentioned laws are created to make things easier for us. But, for different reasons, some of them have become obsolete over time. Many of these laws concern animals and, to our modern eyes, can seem too obvious in some cases and downright odd in others. Did you know about these 12?

1
No opening umbrellas on the street

Image: Edu Lauton

In Montgomery, Alabama, it is considered an offense to open an umbrella on a street for fear of spooking horses .

This raises questions about whether one should open an umbrella since the main use of it happens in the street.

2
No driving over 2000 sheep down Hollywood Boulevard

Image: Andrea Lightfoot

In Hollywood, California, it is illegal to drive more than two thousand sheep down Hollywood Boulevard at one time .

Apparently, you can drive one thousand and nineteen hundred and ninety-nine sheep, no problem. But not two thousand at one time.

3
No loose cats without tail lights

Image: Pacto Visual

In Sterling, Colorado, cats may not run loose without having been fitted with a taillight . Maybe this originated in some road accident involving a feline but one has to wonder if this is the best method of action. Especially since attaching a taillight to a cat does not seem like an easy thing to do.

4
No educating dogs

Image: Caleb Fisher

For whatever reason, you may not educate dogs in Connecticut . Something must have happened at some point in history serious enough for the local legislators to forbid the Connecticuters from educating their dogs.

5
No leaving the ship, if you are a rat

Image: Joshua J. Cotten

In Tampa Bay, Florida, rats are forbidden by law to leave the ships docked at port. The spirit of the law probably requires ship owners to prevent rats from leaving the ship but, for some reason, the phrasing of the text makes it seem as if it is directed to the rats themselves.

6
No road crossing, if you are a chicken.

Image: Vidi Drone

In Quitman, Georgia, it is illegal for a chicken to cross the road . Quite probably, this law is directed to chicken owners so that they prevent their feathered friends from roaming on the roads and causing accidents. But, still, it should be more clearly stated.

7
No fishing from a giraffe’s back

Image: MARIOLA GROBELSKA

Who in their right mind would attempt to fish from a giraffe’s back , right? Apparently, this exact thing happened in Boise, Idaho, prompting the passing of a law to forbid this outrageous behavior from happening ever again.

8
No flying over the village, if you are a bee

Image: Dmitry Grigoriev

In Kirkland, Illinois, bees are not allowed to fly over the village or through any of its streets . How exactly did the legislators who passed that law expect to enforce it, we honestly do not know.

9
No lions at the movies

Image: Andrew Liu

In Baltimore, Maryland, it is illegal to take a lion to the movies . As it should be. No one should be taking live lions into a movie theater filled with people, ever, anywhere in the world. Not even if the showcased movie is The Lion King.

10
No pant-less horses

Image: Silje Midtgård

As with most of the other examples in this list, this is a law that -hopefully- no one is paying any attention to. Horses are required to wear pants at all times in Fountain Inn, South Carolina. Seriously, how do you put pants on a horse?

11
No laying eggs at night

Image: Anita Austvika

It is unlawful for chickens to lay eggs before 8 AM and after 4 PM in West Virginia. Thankfully for chickens, they sleep at night and are active during the day, which prevents them from breaking the law.

12
No pictures of rabbits in June

Image: Gary Bendig

The State of Wyoming doesn’t allow you to take a picture of a rabbit during the month of June . The reason for this curious law is, perhaps, more understandable than most of the previous ones, and it has to do with avoiding harassment of the local wildlife.

General General 6 min read

Borrowed anthems

The songs you always loved weren't written by who you think

Image: Rawpixel.com

You're at a barbecue, and someone puts on "Hound Dog." Everyone loves it, and everyone assumes it's pure Elvis. Then someone says, "You know he didn't write that, right?" Or maybe you're at a summer party and "Livin' on a Prayer" comes on. Everyone screams the chorus, and nobody stops to think: who actually wrote this thing? A lot of the songs we sang in the car or danced to at parties were handed off, sold, recorded by someone else, and became massive hits under a different name . Let's take a look at 10 of the most famous examples.

1
"Hound Dog" , Elvis Presley

Image: spatuletail

Elvis made this song his signature, and it's hard to imagine it belonging to anyone else. But "Hound Dog" was written in 1952 by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, and was first recorded by Big Mama Thornton, a blues singer from Alabama. Her version was a raw, powerful blues track, and it was a genuine hit.

Elvis recorded his version in 1956 and turned it into something faster, rockabilly, electrifying . For anyone who grew up in the '50s or '60s, it probably takes you right back to a specific moment: a sock hop, a drive-in, a transistor radio on a summer night. It carries a kind of pure rock-and-roll energy: rebellious, playful, unstoppable.

2
"Livin' on a Prayer" , Bon Jovi

Image: Steve Sykes

Pumping fists, packed arenas, everyone screaming "Whooooa, we're halfway there!", it's the kind of energy that doesn't age. Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora wrote it together in 1986, along with songwriter Desmond Child , pulling inspiration from the working-class New Jersey world around them.

The song hit number one in the U.S. and became an anthem for anyone who's ever had to scrape by and stay hopeful. It brings out something almost joyful in people: this defiant, communal "we're going to make it" spirit.

3
"I Will Always Love You" , Whitney Houston

Image: Jeppe Gustafsson

Most people under 50 think this is a Whitney Houston song, but Dolly Parton wrote it back in 1973, sitting in Nashville. She was leaving her mentor and business partner, Porter Wagoner, to go solo, and the song was her way of saying goodbye: with love, but firmly.

Then Whitney came along in 1992 for The Bodyguard soundtrack and turned it into a stadium-sized emotional explosion. Where Dolly's version was warm and heartfelt, Whitney's was pure power. It connects to just about everyone, but especially to people who've ever had to let someone go. Which version do you like best?

4
"Respect" , Aretha Franklin

Image: Joseph Sohm

This is one of those cases where the cover so thoroughly eclipses the original that most people don't even know an original exists. Otis Redding wrote and recorded "Respect" in 1965, and it was a decent soul hit for him; a man asking his woman for a little respect when he comes home.

Then Aretha Franklin got hold of it in 1967, rewrote parts of it, added that now-iconic spelling-out of the word, and completely flipped the meaning . Suddenly, it was a woman demanding respect from men, from society, from everyone. It became an anthem of the civil rights movement, the women's movement, and basically every movement that involved people standing up and saying enough.

5
"Girls Just Want to Have Fun" , Cyndi Lauper

Image: lev radin

Cyndi Lauper made this song her own so completely that it's almost shocking to learn she didn't write it. Robert Hazard, a Philadelphia-based musician, wrote it around 1979 as a kind of tongue-in-cheek song from a man's point of view, about his own desire to just have fun without commitment.

When Cyndi recorded it in 1983, she completely reframed it: it became a declaration of independence for young women who just wanted to live their lives on their own terms . If you had a daughter, a niece, or any teenage girl in your life in the '80s, you heard this song approximately ten thousand times.

6
"Nothing Compares 2 U" , Sinead O'Connor

Image: Matteo Chinellato

Few music videos have hit people as hard as Sinead O'Connor, alone on screen, tears streaming down her face, singing this song in 1990. It felt impossibly raw and personal. But the song was written by Prince back in 1984, and was first recorded by a side project of his called The Family.

Sinead stripped it down and made it devastating. It became one of the most emotionally powerful recordings of the decade . You probably heard it on adult contemporary radio, or remember exactly where you were the first time you really listened to it. It's a song about grief and absence and not being able to fill a void someone left behind.

7
"I Love Rock 'n' Roll", Joan Jett & the Blackhearts

Image: Randy Miramontez

Few songs scream pure, unapologetic rock and roll like this one. But Joan Jett didn't write it: a British glam rock band called The Arrows did, back in 1975, in London. Lead singer Alan Merrill said he wrote it as a direct response to the Rolling Stones' "It's Only Rock 'n Roll," which he felt was a little too apologetic about loving the music.

Joan Jett saw The Arrows perform it on British TV in 1976 while touring the UK with The Runaways, and the song stuck with her . She recorded it in 1981, and it rocketed to number one, sitting there for seven weeks. You've heard it blasting from jukeboxes, at sports events, in movie montages, at pretty much every party where someone wanted to get the energy up fast.

8
"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" , Aerosmith

Image: JuliusKielaitis

Tyler belting it out, that unmistakable raspy voice: it feels so Aerosmith. But the song was actually written by Diane Warren, one of the most prolific and successful songwriters in pop history , who penned it in 1998 specifically for the movie Armageddon. Warren has said she wrote it while watching her boyfriend sleep, thinking about not wanting to miss a single moment with someone you love.

Aerosmith recorded it, and it became their first number-one pop hit. It hits hard for anyone who's ever been deeply in love, or who's lost someone and wishes they'd paid more attention while they had the chance.

9
"Bette Davis Eyes", Kim Carnes

Image: IgorVer

This was the biggest song in America in 1981, and it spent nine weeks straight at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . Kim Carnes' raspy, smoky delivery made it feel completely hers. But the song was written in 1974 by Jackie DeShannon and Donna Weiss, both inspired by a classic old Hollywood film . DeShannon recorded her own version, but it barely registered.

Seven years later, Carnes took it into a Los Angeles studio, added a driving synth arrangement that was pure early MTV, and transformed it into the sound of an era. The real-life Bette Davis, then 73 years old, wrote personal letters to the songwriters and to Carnes to thank them for making her "a part of modern times." The song connected with anyone who'd ever been dazzled by someone they couldn't quite figure out, which is pretty much everyone.

10
"Blame It on the Rain" , Milli Vanilli

Image: photo by Alan Light, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

You probably remember the Milli Vanilli scandal: in 1990, it came out that Fab Morvan and Rob Pilatus, the two beautiful, dreadlocked faces of the duo, hadn't actually sung a single note on their records . The real vocals were by studio singers. Their Grammy was revoked. It was a whole thing.

But before all that exploded, "Blame It on the Rain" was a legit #1 pop hit in 1989. It was written by Diane Warren (yes, the same woman who wrote "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing"), and it's a smooth, sweet ballad about blaming the weather for a relationship going wrong. You probably heard it on pop radio, maybe slow-danced to it without knowing what you were slow-dancing to.

History History 5 min read

Performances that changed everything

No one knew until her show began! 10 shocking Super Bowl halftime moments

Image: Ellen Jaskol, Los Angeles Times, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Do you remember Prince singing "Purple Rain" in a real downpour at Super Bowl XLI in 2007? Or Bruce Springsteen telling people to "Put the chicken fingers down" in 2009? What began in 1967 as a marching band show has grown into one of the most-watched events in the entire world. Let’s look back at these 10 halftime performances that totally changed the game.

1
Prince (2007)

Image: penner, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Prince delivered a legendary performance at Super Bowl XLI in 2007, often considered the greatest halftime show ever. Without tricks or surprise guests, just his incredible talent and iconic guitar, Prince killed it with songs like "Let’s Go Crazy" and "Baby I’m a Star." But the true gem of the night was "Purple Rain": As heavy rain poured from the sky and purple lights washed over the stage, everyone at the Dolphin Stadium and millions of us watching live at home lived a moment we would never forget.

2
Michael Jackson (1993)

Until 1993, the Super Bowl halftime show looked very, very different. But the marching bands and themed productions came to an end when Michael Jackson took the stage at the Rose Bowl during Super Bowl XXVII. He turned the halftime show into a world-class pop concert. With a dramatic opening, perfectly coordinated choreography, and shocking visuals, Jackson got more viewers than the game itself, something that had never been done before.

3
The Rolling Stones (2006)

Image: TheSandDoctor, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

There were about 68,200 people at Ford Field in Detroit for Super Bowl XL on February 5, 2006, when the Rolling Stones hit the stage. As Mick Jagger delivered the opening lines of "Start Me Up," the crowd knew they were witnessing something special.

The legendary band didn’t need gimmicks or elaborate effects, just true rock and roll. However, they still gave the show their own special touch: a giant stage shaped like their iconic tongue logo.

4
Paul McCartney (2005)

Image: Gorupdebesanez, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

In 2005, the NFL chose one of the world’s most respected musicians to lead the halftime show at Super Bowl XXXIX. Luckily for us, Paul McCartney said yes and took the stage at Alltel Stadium to deliver one of the Super Bowl’s most memorable performances.

Music lovers were euphoric as the former Beatle performed classics like "Drive My Car," "Get Back," and "Live and Let Die." Of course, he saved the best for last and closed his show with more than 80,000 people in the stadium singing along to "Hey Jude."

5
Bruce Springsteen (2009)

Image: Craig ONeal, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The energy of real music filled the stage at Raymond James Stadium from the very first second of Bruce Springsteen’s halftime show at Super Bowl XLIII. The E Street Band was already doing its thing when the singer tossed his guitar aside, took the mic, looked straight into the camera, and told America, "Put the chicken fingers down and turn your TV all the way up!", becoming one of the most memorable shows for old-school rock and roll fans.

6
Janet Jackson (2004)

Image: Amy Leiton, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Janet Jackson filled the stage with talent, dance, and impressive stage effects during her halftime show at Super Bowl XXXVIII at Reliant Stadium. But what most people remember isn’t the music; it’s what happened at the very end of the show.

For the final song, "Rock Your Body," Janet was joined by Justin Timberlake. Everything was going perfectly until a miscalculated move led to the infamous "wardrobe malfunction." The incident sparked immediate controversy and overshadowed what had been a great and powerful performance.

7
Madonna (2012)

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A legion of Roman gladiators in armor and helmets introduced the incredible Madonna during her halftime show at Lucas Oil Stadium for Super Bowl XLVI. The Queen of Pop was carried in as the unmistakable intro to "Vogue" began to play. With precise choreography, amazing visuals, and captivating stage design, the spectacle fascinated audiences around the world, drawing more than 114 million viewers.

8
Beyoncé (2013)

Image: Pete Sekesan from New York, USA, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

In 2013, the stage at Super Bowl XLVII literally burst into flames as one of pop’s biggest stars prepared to deliver a halftime performance that people would remember for years.

Before we could even clearly see her face, Beyoncé’s powerful voice echoed through the stadium, letting us know that we were about to see an unforgettable performance. Still, few expected what came next. Just minutes into the show, Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams, her former bandmates from Destiny's Child, rose onto the stage, making fans go wild.

9
Dr. Dre and friends (2022)

Image: Jason Persse, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Rap and hip-hop fans will never forget the electrifying halftime show led by Dr. Dre and friends at Super Bowl LVI in 2022. The stadium trembled as stars like Snoop Dogg, Eminem, Kendrick Lamar, and Mary J. Blige joined him on stage. But as if that weren't enough, in one of the night’s biggest surprises, 50 Cent appeared to perform his hit "In Da Club." The event marked a turning point for both the Super Bowl show and the hip-hop genre, and won several Primetime Emmy Awards.

10
Rihanna (2023)

Image: SIGMA, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Rihanna’s 2023 Super Bowl performance at State Farm Stadium was definitely special. What at first seemed like a typical pop show became one of the biggest surprises in halftime history. As she started to sing the very first song, Rihanna suddenly revealed her baby bump: she was pregnant with her second child, a secret that even her dancers and team didn’t know. The show drew around 121 million viewers, making it the most-watched halftime ever at that time.

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