Culture Culture 5 min read

Spooky icons

Are you brave enough to read about these terrifying horror characters?

Image: Jamaal Hutchinson

October is definitely the spookiest month of the year. With the advent of the 10th month, a myriad of scary characters appear everywhere to celebrate Halloween! This ghostly yet fun holiday is at the center of many of our warmest memories. Who didn’t have a lovely time trick-or-treating with friends, looking sharp and dashing in an amazing costume? However, Halloween is also the time for scary movies—a time to huddle together in front of the sofa and tune into a bloodcurdling film that will keep us up all night. With that in mind, we have decided to pay tribute to 10 of the most terrifying horror characters of all time. While definitely scary, these monsters have truly earned a place in our hearts, so let’s show them a little love with this small homage. Without further ado, here’s our pick!

1
Michael Myers from Halloween

Image: norbert velescu

Who better to start this Halloween list than the main villain from Halloween ? John Carpenter’s iconic horror film not only marks the debut role of beloved actress Jamie Lee Curtis, but it also introduced the world to the terrifying Michael Myers , a murderous mental patient with a thirst for blood.

One of Michael’s most terrifying traits is his blank and unfeeling expression, provided by his chilling rubber mask. Interestingly enough, the mask itself probably wouldn’t be as scary on its own; it is a mask of Star Trek actor William Shatner , only painted white and with some traits changed in order to make it scarier.

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Freddy Krueger from A Nightmare on Elm Street

Image: Enrique Guzmán Egas

The 1984 film A Nightmare on Elm Street is considered by many to be the quintessential slasher horror film of the ’80s, and with good reason: Wes Craven had the genius idea to turn our slumber into one of the scariest environments ever. If, for whatever reason, you feel inclined to thank the character responsible for turning our dreams into nightmares, then you can send your regards to Freddy Krueger.

Freddy’s look is definitely unforgettable: Who can overlook that stripped sweater, black fedora, and, perhaps more menacing, that sinister-looking bladed glove? This killer’s menacing image certainly sent shivers down our spines and made most of us dread going to bed.

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Jason Vorhees from Friday the 13th

Image: Justin Campbell

Michael Myers is not the only masked menace to make it onto this list! Jason Vorhees made his first appearance in the 1980 slasher Friday the 13th , which depicted a group of campers meeting their end at Jason’s hands in the fictional Camp Crystal Lake. This towering, murderous revenant hunts teenagers at night, armed with his trusted machete and his now-iconic hockey mask.

Jason has appeared in many different films, including an entire franchise reboot in 2009. Not only that, a 2003 film pitted him against another king of the slasher genre, Freddy Krueger. Without spoiling the ending, we can honestly say that both of these horror giants prove their mettle.

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The Thing from The Thing

Image: Robert Haverly

Don’t let this slightly vague name fool you: The Thing is one of the scariest horror characters in history. John Carpenter’s 1982 masterpiece introduced the world to this mysterious alien creature, able to shapeshift into any object imaginable.

What’s probably most terrifying about this shadowy being is that we never truly see its true form; therefore, this alien can be as terrifying as our imaginations allow it to be. However, don’t let this statement imply that we are discrediting Carpenter’s groundbreaking visual effects, as anyone who has seen any of his amazing creations can testify.

5
The Fly from The Fly

Image: Pedro Miguel Aires

Who knew that a little housefly could be so terrifying? While the original 1958 film is incredibly advanced for its time, David Cronenberg’s 1986 rendition of The Fly left an indelible mark on an entire generation with its uncanny special effects and chilling story.

In this film, Jeff Goldblum plays Seth Brundle, an eccentric scientist whose DNA gets fused with that of a fly after an experiment goes wrong. The resulting hybrid monster’s appearance is truly a remarkable tribute to the talent of this film’s makeup department, which earned them a well-deserved Academy Award.

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Rachel McNeil from The Exorcist

Image: Kelly Sikkema

Many consider The Exorcist to be the best horror film ever made, and with good reason: not only is it bone-chilling, but it is also a wonderfully crafted film that has led it to be selected by the U.S. National Film Registry for preservation.

A big part of what made this film so incredibly terrifying was the contrast between the sweet and innocent 12-year-old Regan McNeil (wonderfully portrayed by Linda Blair) and the dark demon that possesses her. Legendary Swedish actor Max von Sydow also shines in this film, playing the titular exorcist, Father Lankester Merrin.

7
Chucky from Child’s Play

Image: Erik Mclean

This is a toy you don’t want to see lying around your house! Directed by Tom Holland, the 1988 slasher film Child’s Play features Chucky , a seemingly harmless doll possessed by the soul of a serial killer. While this might not seem particularly menacing, Academy-nominated actor Brad Dourif’s portrayal of this plastic killer truly terrified an entire generation.

The first movie was such a success that it spawned an entire franchise that’s still relevant today, with a TV series premiering in 2021. However, most fans agree that no film will ever surpass the original Child’s Play , an undisputed gem of the slasher genre.

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The Ghostface Killer from Scream

Image: Nik

Speaking of the slasher genre, we would be remiss if we didn’t include Wes Craven’s iconic 1996 film Scream . This movie is not only terrifying, but it is also a true love letter to the entire genre: In fact, one of the first deaths in the film occurs after a character gets a question about horror trivia wrong.

A huge part of what made Scream so frightening is its antagonist. The Ghostface Killer’s main strength is that he is not a supernatural creature by any definition of the word. Not only that, this mysterious character’s presence adds a layer of intrigue to the film, as the reveal of his true identity becomes a definitive turning point in this masterpiece.

9
Pennywise from It

Image: Nong

Much like the monster from The Thing , the audience never witnesses the true form of this chilling Eldritch monster. However, the main antagonist of Stephen King’s classic novel It often dons the disguise of Pennywise, a scary clown hell-bent on terrifying the town of Derry, Maine.

To date, Pennywise has been portrayed on the big screen on two separate occasions: first by Tim Curry in the 1990 miniseries and later by Swedish actor Bill Skarsgård in the 2017 film adaptation and its 2019 sequel. In both cases, these actors were able to bring a fascinating layer of horror to a colorful figure usually associated with making people smile.

10
The Shark from Jaws

Image: Marcelo Cidrack

Granted, calling Steven Spielberg’s Jaws a horror film is probably not entirely accurate. However, we can comfortably state that the shark antagonist of this 1975 thriller truly terrified moviegoers around the world.

It is pretty hard to state the impact that this shark had, suffice to say, people at the time were incredibly scared to go back into the water due to this movie. Fun fact: Did you know that the shark has a name? Well, a nickname at least: it was called "Bruce" by the film crew, after the name of Spielberg’s lawyer.

Culture Culture 6 min read

KINGS OF COMEDY

These 10 legendary comedians will tickle your funny bone!

Image: Tim Mossholder

They say that laughter is the best medicine . If that old saying is true, then the 10 American comedians featured in this article are the most skilled doctors in the country! These masters of laughter have brought countless smiles to generations of Americans throughout history. They have entertained us, taught us invaluable life lessons, and even helped bring a little light to the darkest moments in our past. With that in mind, sit back and enjoy this homage to 10 of the most talented American comedians in history! Enjoy!

1
Marx Bros

Image: Braydon Anderson

We’ll start strong with the family of actors considered by many to be the most groundbreaking comedians of their generation: the five Marx Brothers. They truly took the world by storm, leaving an unforgettable mark that forever changed Hollywood.

Throughout a career that lasted over 40 years, the Marx Brothers starred in 14 films, five of which were included in the American Film Institute's list of the greatest 100 comedies of all time. While it is indeed a gargantuan task to select the best moments from this remarkable career, we feel inclined to select 1933’s Duck Soup and 1935's A Night at the Opera as our top picks.

2
Abbot and Costello

Image: Los Angeles Daily News, CC BY 4.0

In the very likely event that you’ve ever played a game of baseball, we can almost guarantee that someone jokingly asked you, "Who’s on first?" in a marked Jersey accent. After all, any American born after the 1950s knows this legendary Abbott & Costello routine, which is considered by many to be one of the finest pieces of comedy ever conceived.

This iconic duo met in New York City in 1935. After Bud Abbott’s comedy partner fell ill before a performance at the Eltinge Burlesque Theater, Lou Costello substituted for him, marking their first unforgettable performance. Many believe the duo’s groundbreaking chemistry was already present in that very first show. Over the course of their nearly 20-year career, Abbott & Costello produced several hilarious routines, including "Niagara Falls," "The Piano Bit," and, of course, "Who’s on First?"

3
Jerry Seinfeld

Image: Alan Light, CC BY 2.0

Years before he starred in his groundbreaking Show About Nothing , Jerry Seinfeld was a scrawny and hilarious comedian making appearances on talk shows like The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and Late Night with David Letterman . While this young comedian’s talent was evident, little did anyone know that Jerry Seinfeld would soon become the world’s most famous comedian.

The TV show Seinfeld ran for 9 seasons between 1988 and 1998, winning a myriad of accolades and awards in the process. Part of the charm was that Jerry’s off-screen persona seemed like a carbon copy of his character: he was witty, sarcastic, and hysterically funny. After Seinfeld concluded, Jerry went on to produce several successful comedy specials, as well as the Emmy-nominated show Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee .

4
Johnny Carson

Image: Arthur Osipyan

While Johnny Carson was not the first host of The Tonight Show , he is definitively considered a pioneer in late-night TV history. This groundbreaking comedian hosted the iconic talk show for 30 years, earning the well-deserved title of "King of Late-Night Television" in the process.

It’s difficult to describe how immense Carson’s influence was, not only on the history of talk shows but also in American culture in general. It only takes someone mimicking a swing of a golf club for anyone to realize they are paying tribute to this legendary comedian. Johnny received numerous awards during his lifetime, including six Primetime Emmys and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

5
Conan O’Brien

Image: Jay Dixit, CC BY 4.0

Conan O’Brien is truly a blue-collar comedian. Now, by no means are we trying to convey that other comedians didn’t work hard to get where they are; we are simply pointing out that Conan’s comedy resume dates back to his early twenties when he started writing for groundbreaking shows like Saturday Night Live and The Simpsons .

In 1993, Conan debuted as a late-night host with Late Night with Conan O'Brien . What followed was a 28-year career filled with hilarity and creativity, which only ended after Conan announced he would be retiring and taking a well-deserved break from performing. However, he still continues to host a hilarious series of podcasts called Conan O'Brien Needs a Friend .

6
Jackie Gleason

Image: Jazz Guy from New Jersey, United States, CC BY 2.0

If you happen to visit New York City (or if you are a New Yorker yourself), take a stroll to Port Authority Bus Terminal, and you’ll come across an eight-foot-tall bronze statue of a cheerful and lively bus driver. If you take a closer look, you’ll notice that this is not a homage to any real-life bus driver. In fact, the man depicted in the statue is none other than the legendary comedian Jackie Gleason , portraying Ralph Kramden, his iconic character from The Honeymooners .

First broadcast in 1955, The Honeymooners was a groundbreaking sitcom that depicted the life of bus driver Ralph Kramden and his wife Alice. This show served as the inspiration for countless other sitcoms, including America’s favorite prehistoric family, The Flintstones .

7
Robin Williams

Image: Alan Light, CC BY 2.0

Robin Williams’ legacy expands throughout several generations: People in the ‘70s adored him in Mork and Mindy , he inspired many ‘80s moviegoers with his films Good Morning Vietnam and Dead Poets’ Society , and he filled the childhoods of millions of ‘90s kids as the wisecracking genie from Aladdin .

What’s perhaps most astounding about Williams’ acting is the remarkable range he displayed. The fact that his performances in drama could move us to tears doesn’t diminish the effectiveness of his comedy chops. Not only that, but hundreds report that off-screen, Williams was an incredibly kindhearted and warm person, always ready to go the extra mile to make someone smile.

8
Chris Rock

Image: Maarten van den Heuvel

Don’t let the title of his Emmy-nominated TV show fool you: Not everybody hates Chris Rock . In fact, we are willing to go even further and state that, despite being known for his crude and sarcastic style, he is still one of America’s most beloved comedians.

Chris Rock's first jump to prominence came when he joined the main cast of Saturday Night Live in 1990. After that, he went on to perform in several stand-up specials and provided hilarious comic relief in films such as Lethal Weapon 4 , The Longest Yard, and Death at a Funeral .

9
Steve Martin

Image: Marianna Diamos, Los Angeles Times, CC BY 4.0

In 1967, thousands of American families tuned in to watch another episode of the extremely popular game show The Dating Game . While that particular installment came and went without a second thought, it marked legendary comedian Steve Martin ’s first appearance on national television. Little did anyone know that it wouldn’t be by any means his last.

It was only a few years after that appearance on The Dating Game that Martin took the world by storm. By the mid-1970s, he was already showcasing his hilarious routines on shows like The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson , The Muppets, and Saturday Night Live . Today, at 79 years old, Martin continues to be as hysterical as ever, starring in the acclaimed show Only Murders in the Building .

10
Charlie Chaplin

Image: Edo Nugroho

While it is true that Charlie Chaplin was English, it would feel wrong not to include such a Hollywood legend in this list. In that regard, we have reserved the last spot for someone who many consider to be the best comedian of all time. Chaplin’s career goes as far back as the early days of cinema, first appearing as his iconic "Tramp" character in the 1914 film Kid Auto Races at Venice .

What’s perhaps most remarkable about Chaplin’s legacy is not only his hilarious and groundbreaking skits but also his unique ability to both inspire and entertain his audience. We’ll close this article by remembering what is probably his most famous line of dialogue (and that’s saying something for a mostly silent actor): the final speech in his 1940 film The Great Dictator .

General General 4 min read

Embracing our multilingual nation

From Spanish to Chinese: The 12 most spoken languages in the U.S.

Image: Houcine Ncib

In the United States, the number of people who speak a language other than English at home has nearly tripled over the last three decades, increasing from 23.1 million to 67.8 million. According to the 2019 American Community Survey by the Census Bureau, more than 350 languages are spoken across the country , making it one of the world's most linguistically diverse nations. In this article, we’ll explore the 12 most spoken languages in the United States. Can you guess how the rankings go?

1
12. Portuguese

Image: Etienne Girardet

Today, there are over 845,000 Portuguese speakers in the United States, making it the 12th most spoken language after English.

The Portuguese-speaking community is composed of immigrants from both Portugal and Brazil. Since the 1960s, many Portuguese immigrants have settled along the coast of Massachusetts, where they could continue their traditional fishing activities. Besides Massachusetts, Portuguese is most commonly spoken in Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Utah.

2
11. Hindi

Image: Rohan Solankurkar

Hindi is the most widely spoken Indian language in the United States, with more than 890,000 people speaking it . Hindi belongs to the Indo-European language family and has been included on the U.S. State Department's list of critical languages due to strategic commercial interests in South Asia.

Hindi-speaking Indians began immigrating to North America in the early 19th century. The community has primarily settled in large cities such as New York City, Washington D.C., San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Chicago.

3
10. Russian

Image: Tessakay

There are currently almost 950,000 Russian speakers in the United States. Did you know that Russian is one of the two official languages aboard the International Space Station? NASA astronauts typically take Russian language courses to communicate with their Russian counterparts.

Another well-known Russian-speaking community is in New York's Brighton Beach neighborhood, often referred to as "Little Odessa." Cultural events, festivals, and markets featuring traditional Russian foods, music, and crafts are common sights here. Los Angeles is another city where Russian is regularly used.

4
9. Korean

Image: 昆 阿

Over the past few decades, the number of Korean speakers in the United States has grown significantly, with nearly 1,100,000 people now speaking Korean .

Los Angeles is home to the largest Koreatown in the country, and many residents in other major cities speak Korean at home, helping to maintain and promote the heritage of this Asian culture in the United States.

5
8. Arabic

Image: Rawan Yasser

With more than 1.2 million speakers, Arabic is the eighth most spoken language in our country.

Arabic is spoken in immigrant communities from countries such as Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. These communities are most prominent in states like California, New York, and Michigan, where Arabic is commonly heard in homes and community centers.

6
7. German

Image: FotosFuerBlogger

German is widely spoken in states with high populations of German ancestry, such as Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Texas. When including Yiddish, Pennsylvania Dutch, and other West Germanic languages, there are over 1,450,000 German speakers in the United States.

Cities like Fredericksburg and New Braunfels, Texas, were founded by German immigrants and continue to celebrate their heritage with festivals such as Oktoberfest. In Pennsylvania, a large number of Pennsylvania Dutch speakers—predominantly among the Amish and Mennonite communities—speak this German dialect, which is not, as one might expect, Dutch.

7
6. Vietnamese

Image: Huynh Van

The number of Vietnamese speakers in the United States is similar to that of the previous language on this list, with more than 1.5 million people speaking the language of this Southeast Asian country.

In recent decades, the number of Vietnamese immigrants has been increasing exponentially. Most have settled in California, followed by Texas, Florida, Washington, and Georgia.

8
5. Tagalog

Image: Emmanuel Nicolas Jr.

Despite being the fifth most spoken language in the United States, Tagalog is often overlooked. For those who have never heard of it, Tagalog is one of the official languages of the Philippines.

A significant number of Filipino immigrants have settled in the United States since the early 19th century. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, there are currently more than 1.7 million Tagalog speakers . Thirty-eight percent of Filipinos in the United States live in California, with relatively large concentrations also in Hawaii and Texas.

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4. French

Image: Erik Mclean

If we include Patois, Cajun, Haitian, and Louisiana Creole—a hybrid of French and various African languages—French is the fourth most widely spoken language in the United States.

The French influence, which dates back to the 17th century, is evident in a wide variety of American English words and phrases. Today, there are nearly 2.1 million French speakers in the country.

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3. Chinese

Image: 五玄土 ORIENTO

The Chinese language, including its different variants such as Mandarin, Cantonese, and Hokkien, contributes significantly to the cultural diversity of the United States. Although the gap between the second and third most spoken languages in the country is considerable, the number of people who speak Chinese is still representative.

With approximately 3.5 million Chinese speakers across the country, the greatest influence of this culture can be found in states with the highest concentrations of Chinese immigrants, such as New York and California.

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2. Spanish

Image: Leeloo The First

Spanish is the second most spoken language in the United States and one of the fastest-growing languages in the country. This is no surprise, as approximately 19% of the total population is of Hispanic origin.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, more than 40 million people speak Spanish in addition to English in the United States. Hispanic communities are found throughout the nation, with the largest concentrations in California, Texas, Florida, and New York.

12
1. English

Image: Wilhelm Gunkel

Although it is not surprising that English is the most widely spoken language in the United States, it is still not recognized as an official language. However, more than half of the 50 states have passed laws granting it official language status.

English speakers make up a large percentage of the U.S. population, with approximately 78 percent speaking only English . American English is also incredibly rich, composed of dozens of regional dialects with distinct grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.

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