Geography Geography 4 min read

Prehistoric life

10 top U.S. spots to find fossils and see prehistoric life

Image: Marcio Skull

Did you ever dream of being a Paleontologist? Maybe it's not too late! In the United States, there are many places you can visit to go fossil hunting. In fact, according to the National Park Service, more than 320 species of dinosaurs have been named in our country, and most states have produced at least one fossil. But the prehistoric world was inhabited by many other species. In addition to dinosaurs, there were other animals —and plants!— that are also worth knowing about. Without further ado, here are 10 incredible destinations for fossil sightings in America.

1
Dinosaur State Park

Image: Steppinstars

The Northeast is not particularly known for its fossil sites, as most dinosaur bones are found in the West. However, Dinosaur State Park in Connecticut Valley is a singular exception.

Dinosaur State Park is a 200-million-year-old fossil trackway containing more than 2,600 dinosaur footprints. Although most have been reburied for preservation, this park is worth a visit to see the tracks that have been left on display. In addition to experiencing the Mesozoic era, you can also enjoy nature trails, an interactive museum, an arboretum, and picnic areas.

2
Badlands National Park

Image: kkorvin

South Dakota is home to some of the most remarkable fossils ever discovered, and Badlands National Park, in particular, has been a fossil-rich reservoir for centuries. In fact, the Oglala Lakota people had been finding prehistoric remains long before paleontology was a formal discipline.

The park protects an exposed area of thousands of ancient fossil specimens. From large mammalian brontotheres to reptilian mosasaurs that swam in the ancient seas that gave way to the Badlands, there is a lot to explore here.

3
Cleveland Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry

Image: Danny Grizzle

A site with more than 12,000 bones from at least 70 different ancient animals, including lots of carnivorous dinosaurs? Sign me up!

But that's not all the Cleveland Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry in Utah has to offer. For freshwater animal enthusiasts, there are also fossilized clam beds to discover. If you want to visit, just keep in mind this park is open seasonally, April through October.

4
La Brea Tar Pits

Image: Brian Wangenheim

Los Angeles is much more than just Hollywood. La Brea Tar Pits is located right in the heart of the most populous city in California, yet it remains one of the most important fossil sites in the country.

Hours of scientific work and hundreds of excavations have yielded millions of Pleistocene fossils that are now open to the public. From mammoths, saber-toothed cats, and giant mastodons to the tiny feet of Ice Age woodpeckers, you can learn a lot about prehistoric life at La Brea Tar Pits. Not bad, don't you think?

5
Petrified Forest National Park

Image: Joseph Corl

If you ever visit Arizona, Petrified Forest National Park is worth a detour. Known for its Triassic fossils, this park seems to be frozen in time, as the world was more than 200 million years ago.

In addition to petrified trees and ancient fossilized plants and animals spread in an area of about 346 square miles, Petrified Forest National Park is also home to some interesting living inhabitants that today must survive in the harsh desert climate.

6
Dinosaur National Monument

Image: Zachary

Dinosaur National Monument on the border between Colorado and Utah houses about 1,500 dinosaur bones from some of the most iconic species. Remains of Allosaurus, Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, and Stegosaurus are included among the residents of the 150-million-year-old site.

Originally preserved in 1915, in this famous dinosaur quarry, you can also see several petroglyphs and pictograph panels made by the Fremont people who lived in the area from approximately 300-1300 Common Era (CE).

7
Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument

Image: Michael Dziedzic

The prehistoric world is much more than just mammoths and dinosaurs. 14-foot-wide petrified sequoias and thousands of insect and plant fossils await you at Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument near Colorado Springs.

These tiny organisms, approximately 34 million years old, are just as important as the enormous Tyrannosaurus rex. Although this is a lesser-known park, it is totally worth visiting. Pro tip: In the summer, you can explore the site that serves as a fossil laboratory.

8
Dinosaur Valley State Park

Image: adolfo-atm

Did you know that the area near Dallas and Fort Worth in Texas was once an ancient ocean? Around 113 million years ago, dinosaurs, such as theropods and sauropods, walked their shores.

Set astride the Paluxy River, today this area is protected by the Dinosaur Valley State Park. The fossil traces here are sometimes submerged, but on dry days they can be clearly seen and are an impressive testimony of what the Earth was like in prehistoric times.

9
The Mammoth Site

Image: Jonathan Cooper

The Mammoth Site was established in the mid-1970s after a construction worker had unearthed rare bones in Hot Springs, South Dakota. The remains found turned out to be a mammoth tooth, which was soon followed by other fossils.

Today, the site serves as a museum and active paleontological excavation site. So far, a total of 61 North American Columbian and woolly mammoths have been found here.

10
Fossil Butte National Monument

Image: Jacqueline Martinez

In the ridges of southwest Wyoming is Fossil Butte National Monument, a park that preserves the best paleontological record of Cenozoic aquatic communities. This sort of aquarium, carved in stone, has more than 2000 fossils of thousands of species of plants and animals, such as fish, insects, reptiles, birds, bats, and even tiny horses that lived around a freshwater lake millions of years ago.

With plenty of hiking trails, wildlife, and scenery, this unique park is definitely worth visiting.

Culture Culture 5 min read

Spooky icons

Are you brave enough to read about these terrifying horror characters?

Image: Jamaal Hutchinson

October is definitely the spookiest month of the year. With the advent of the 10th month, a myriad of scary characters appear everywhere to celebrate Halloween! This ghostly yet fun holiday is at the center of many of our warmest memories. Who didn’t have a lovely time trick-or-treating with friends, looking sharp and dashing in an amazing costume? However, Halloween is also the time for scary movies—a time to huddle together in front of the sofa and tune into a bloodcurdling film that will keep us up all night. With that in mind, we have decided to pay tribute to 10 of the most terrifying horror characters of all time. While definitely scary, these monsters have truly earned a place in our hearts, so let’s show them a little love with this small homage. Without further ado, here’s our pick!

1
Michael Myers from Halloween

Image: norbert velescu

Who better to start this Halloween list than the main villain from Halloween ? John Carpenter’s iconic horror film not only marks the debut role of beloved actress Jamie Lee Curtis, but it also introduced the world to the terrifying Michael Myers , a murderous mental patient with a thirst for blood.

One of Michael’s most terrifying traits is his blank and unfeeling expression, provided by his chilling rubber mask. Interestingly enough, the mask itself probably wouldn’t be as scary on its own; it is a mask of Star Trek actor William Shatner , only painted white and with some traits changed in order to make it scarier.

2
Freddy Krueger from A Nightmare on Elm Street

Image: Enrique Guzmán Egas

The 1984 film A Nightmare on Elm Street is considered by many to be the quintessential slasher horror film of the ’80s, and with good reason: Wes Craven had the genius idea to turn our slumber into one of the scariest environments ever. If, for whatever reason, you feel inclined to thank the character responsible for turning our dreams into nightmares, then you can send your regards to Freddy Krueger.

Freddy’s look is definitely unforgettable: Who can overlook that stripped sweater, black fedora, and, perhaps more menacing, that sinister-looking bladed glove? This killer’s menacing image certainly sent shivers down our spines and made most of us dread going to bed.

3
Jason Vorhees from Friday the 13th

Image: Justin Campbell

Michael Myers is not the only masked menace to make it onto this list! Jason Vorhees made his first appearance in the 1980 slasher Friday the 13th , which depicted a group of campers meeting their end at Jason’s hands in the fictional Camp Crystal Lake. This towering, murderous revenant hunts teenagers at night, armed with his trusted machete and his now-iconic hockey mask.

Jason has appeared in many different films, including an entire franchise reboot in 2009. Not only that, a 2003 film pitted him against another king of the slasher genre, Freddy Krueger. Without spoiling the ending, we can honestly say that both of these horror giants prove their mettle.

4
The Thing from The Thing

Image: Robert Haverly

Don’t let this slightly vague name fool you: The Thing is one of the scariest horror characters in history. John Carpenter’s 1982 masterpiece introduced the world to this mysterious alien creature, able to shapeshift into any object imaginable.

What’s probably most terrifying about this shadowy being is that we never truly see its true form; therefore, this alien can be as terrifying as our imaginations allow it to be. However, don’t let this statement imply that we are discrediting Carpenter’s groundbreaking visual effects, as anyone who has seen any of his amazing creations can testify.

5
The Fly from The Fly

Image: Pedro Miguel Aires

Who knew that a little housefly could be so terrifying? While the original 1958 film is incredibly advanced for its time, David Cronenberg’s 1986 rendition of The Fly left an indelible mark on an entire generation with its uncanny special effects and chilling story.

In this film, Jeff Goldblum plays Seth Brundle, an eccentric scientist whose DNA gets fused with that of a fly after an experiment goes wrong. The resulting hybrid monster’s appearance is truly a remarkable tribute to the talent of this film’s makeup department, which earned them a well-deserved Academy Award.

6
Rachel McNeil from The Exorcist

Image: Kelly Sikkema

Many consider The Exorcist to be the best horror film ever made, and with good reason: not only is it bone-chilling, but it is also a wonderfully crafted film that has led it to be selected by the U.S. National Film Registry for preservation.

A big part of what made this film so incredibly terrifying was the contrast between the sweet and innocent 12-year-old Regan McNeil (wonderfully portrayed by Linda Blair) and the dark demon that possesses her. Legendary Swedish actor Max von Sydow also shines in this film, playing the titular exorcist, Father Lankester Merrin.

7
Chucky from Child’s Play

Image: Erik Mclean

This is a toy you don’t want to see lying around your house! Directed by Tom Holland, the 1988 slasher film Child’s Play features Chucky , a seemingly harmless doll possessed by the soul of a serial killer. While this might not seem particularly menacing, Academy-nominated actor Brad Dourif’s portrayal of this plastic killer truly terrified an entire generation.

The first movie was such a success that it spawned an entire franchise that’s still relevant today, with a TV series premiering in 2021. However, most fans agree that no film will ever surpass the original Child’s Play , an undisputed gem of the slasher genre.

8
The Ghostface Killer from Scream

Image: Nik

Speaking of the slasher genre, we would be remiss if we didn’t include Wes Craven’s iconic 1996 film Scream . This movie is not only terrifying, but it is also a true love letter to the entire genre: In fact, one of the first deaths in the film occurs after a character gets a question about horror trivia wrong.

A huge part of what made Scream so frightening is its antagonist. The Ghostface Killer’s main strength is that he is not a supernatural creature by any definition of the word. Not only that, this mysterious character’s presence adds a layer of intrigue to the film, as the reveal of his true identity becomes a definitive turning point in this masterpiece.

9
Pennywise from It

Image: Nong

Much like the monster from The Thing , the audience never witnesses the true form of this chilling Eldritch monster. However, the main antagonist of Stephen King’s classic novel It often dons the disguise of Pennywise, a scary clown hell-bent on terrifying the town of Derry, Maine.

To date, Pennywise has been portrayed on the big screen on two separate occasions: first by Tim Curry in the 1990 miniseries and later by Swedish actor Bill Skarsgård in the 2017 film adaptation and its 2019 sequel. In both cases, these actors were able to bring a fascinating layer of horror to a colorful figure usually associated with making people smile.

10
The Shark from Jaws

Image: Marcelo Cidrack

Granted, calling Steven Spielberg’s Jaws a horror film is probably not entirely accurate. However, we can comfortably state that the shark antagonist of this 1975 thriller truly terrified moviegoers around the world.

It is pretty hard to state the impact that this shark had, suffice to say, people at the time were incredibly scared to go back into the water due to this movie. Fun fact: Did you know that the shark has a name? Well, a nickname at least: it was called "Bruce" by the film crew, after the name of Spielberg’s lawyer.

General General 3 min read

License and registration, please!

Watch out where you drive! Learn about 12 weird traffic laws in America

Image: Diane Picchiottino

Many laws have been created in response to specific situations to prevent similar incidents from happening again. It’s hard not to imagine these 12 laws originating from such circumstances. At some point in history, someone in Massachusetts drove a car with a living gorilla in the backseat. Someone in Alabama drove blindfolded. Someone in Ohio circled the town square more than 100 times. These individuals are the reason we have these strange traffic laws today. Which one surprises you the most?

1
No blindfolded driving in Alabama

Image: Kirill Balobanov

As we said in the introduction, these situations are likely born out of real incidents. At some point, someone must have driven blindfolded in Alabama , and the consequences were serious enough for state legislators to enact a law preventing it from happening again—a reasonable measure if you ask us.

2
No driving with dogs on the roof

Image: Tadeusz Lakota

As terrible and infuriating as it may sound, there is a very real possibility that someone drove with a poor dog tied to the roof of a car in chilly Alaska . Thankfully, local legislators passed a law prohibiting this dangerous and cruel situation.

3
No reverse driving

Image: Hunter Wiseley

This law makes no sense, and we bet—or at the very least hope—that it’s no longer enforced. Otherwise, how would Arizonans back out of their driveways without breaking the law?

Believe it or not, traveling in reverse on an Arizona road is illegal .

4
No horn honking at the sandwich joint

Image: Simon Daoudi

While it can certainly be an annoyance to hear cars honking when you’re trying to enjoy a Croque Monsieur and a diet soda at your favorite spot, most of us wouldn’t expect a state law banning it.

But in Arkansas, it’s illegal to honk a horn after 9 p.m. outside an establishment that serves sandwiches and cold drinks .

5
No jumping out of the car at 65 mph or faster

Image: Mathias Arlund

This one seems more like common sense than anything else, but apparently, enough people attempted this stunt in California for state legislators to pass a law making it illegal to leap out of a moving vehicle traveling at 65 mph or faster .

6
No black vehicles on a Sunday

Image: Steven Erixon

But what if your car is black and you need to drive somewhere? Hopefully, this law is no longer enforced in Colorado. Yet, for some reason lost to time, it’s illegal in this state to drive a black vehicle on a Sunday .

7
No speeding tickets for politicians

Image: Sumeet Kapadia

This one is downright infuriating. In Georgia, it’s illegal to ticket a member of the assembly for speeding while the assembly is in session. It should come as no surprise—after all, those same assembly members are the ones responsible for this law.

8
No driving with a gorilla in the backseat

Image: MARIOLA GROBELSKA

People in Massachusetts don’t need a law to tell them that driving around with a living gorilla in the backseat is a bad idea—that’s just common sense. But just in case, there’s a state law explicitly prohibiting it.

9
No camel-ridding on the highway

Image: Oskars Sylwan

Camels are great for desert travel but not so much for highway traffic. And no US state is more certain of this than Nevada, where it’s illegal to ride a camel on a highway .

10
No driving around the town square

Image: Felix Mittermeier

Driving around the town square can be a popular Saturday night activity in some towns, but someone in Ohio must have taken it to the extreme. In this state, it’s illegal to circle the town square more than 100 times in a row .

11
No reading comic books while driving

Image: Erik Mclean

For public safety alone, reading while driving should be illegal everywhere. But in Oklahoma, it’s specifically illegal to read comic books while driving —not newspapers, not hardcover novels—just comic books.

12
No driving with intoxicated passengers

Image: Jamie Street

Driving under the influence of alcohol is highly dangerous and, fortunately, banned almost everywhere. But in Texas, legislators have taken it a step further, making it illegal to drive if any alcohol is within arm’s reach of the driver —including if that alcohol is in another person’s bloodstream.

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